International Journal of Evolutionary Biology / 2012 / Article / Tab 3 / Review Article
Divergence in Defence against Herbivores between Males and Females of Dioecious Plant Species Table 3 Studies of defence on dioecious species published after 2004, or published earlier but not mentioned in Ågren et al or Cornelissen and Stiling’s reviews.
Species Sex with greatest
Herbivores
Reference Damage Reproductive allocation Growth rate Resistance Arecales Arecaceae Chamaedorea alternans (= C. tepejilote) M F F F Chrysomelid beetles [74 ] C. pinnatifrons M F M F Chrysomelid beetles [74 ] C. ernesti-augusti M F M F Chrysomelid beetles [74 ] Aquifoliales Anacardiaceae Ilex glabra nd; marginally F after flowering nd nd nm lepidopteran larvae and leaf spot (fungal pathogens) [75 ] Sapindales Anacardiaceae Sclerocarya birrea F nd (wood/reproductive shoot) nm nd (wood density, branch breakability) Elephants [76 ] Spondias purpurea F nm nm M (N, TNC) Cerambycid beetle [77 ] Malpighiales Salicales Salix discolor nd nm nm M (mortality of herbivore) Leaf galler [78 ] S. polaris nm F nd nd (phenolics, CT) Reindeer [79 ] S. arctica nd nm nd nm Muskox [80 ] S. planifolia nd F nm nm Insects [81 ] Laurales Lauraceae Lindera obtusiloba nd nm nm nm Unspecified [82 ] L. praecox nd nm nm nm Unspecified [82 ] L. umbellata nd nm nm nm Unspecified [82 ] L. erythrocarpa nd nm nm nm Unspecified [82 ] Unplaced (Euasterids I) Hydrophyllaceae Nemophila menziesii nd nm nm nm Larvae of lepidoptera (2 spp.) and coleoptera (1 sp.) [83 ]
F: female, M: male, nd: no statistically significant intersexual differences, nm: not measured, CT: condensed tannins, TNC: total non-structural carbohydrates, N: nitrogen content (herbivores usually attracted to greater concentrations).