The Effects of Exurbanization on Bird and Macroinvertebrate Communities in Deciduous Forests on the Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee

Figure 4

Mean and 95% confidence intervals of bird species evenness in each habitat class. Evenness is shown by the probability of interspecific encounter (PIE; calculated in EcoSim using 95 individuals in each habitat class; [43]). PIE controls for both sampling effort and bird density, and it uses repeated resampling of the data to calculate the probability that the next bird sampled will be of a different species. Therefore, high PIE values indicate high species evenness.