The Effects of Exurbanization on Bird and Macroinvertebrate Communities in Deciduous Forests on the Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee

Table 1

Bird species detected during point counts. Species are ranked according to the number of detections per sample point in undeveloped areas (𝑛 = 15) minus the number of detections per sample point in exurban areas (𝑛 = 14 points). Species with positive values of this difference were found mostly undeveloped forests and not in exurban areas, species with values near zero were found in both undeveloped forest and in exurban areas, and species with negative values were found mostly in exurban areas and not in undeveloped forest.

		Detections per point
Common name	Scientific name	Exurban	Undeveloped	Undeveloped minus exurban
Red-eyed Vireo	Vireo olivaceus	0.14	1.00	0.86
Ovenbird	Seiurus aurocapilla	0.00	0.73	0.73
Scarlet Tanager	Piranga olivacea	0.00	0.53	0.53
Hooded Warbler	Wilsonia citrina	0.00	0.40	0.40
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher	Polioptila caerulea	0.00	0.20	0.20
Black-and-white Warbler	Mniotilta varia	0.00	0.20	0.20
Kentucky Warbler	Oporornis formosus	0.00	0.13	0.13
Ruby-throated Hummingbird	Archilochus colubris	0.00	0.13	0.13
Eastern Wood-Pewee	Contopus virens	0.21	0.33	0.12
White-eyed Vireo	Vireo griseus	0.00	0.07	0.07
Hairy Woodpecker	Picoides villosus	0.07	0.13	0.06
Indigo Bunting	Passerina cyanea	0.07	0.13	0.06
Mourning Dove	Zenaida macroura	0.07	0.07	0.00
Red-shouldered Hawk	Buteo lineatus	0.07	0.00	−0.07
Eastern Bluebird	Sialia sialis	0.07	0.00	−0.07
Gray Catbird	Durmetella carolinensis	0.07	0.00	−0.07
Summer Tanager	Piranga rubra	0.07	0.00	−0.07
Pileated Woodpecker	Dryocopus pileatus	0.07	0.00	−0.07
Northern Flicker	Colaptes auratus	0.07	0.00	−0.07
Pine Warbler	Dendroica pinus	0.07	0.00	−0.07
Yellow-throated Warbler	Dendroica dominica	0.07	0.00	−0.07
Purple Martin	Progne subis	0.07	0.00	−0.07
House Sparrow	Passer domesticus	0.07	0.00	−0.07
Wood Thrush	Hylocichla mustelina	0.29	0.20	−0.09
House Finch	Carpodacus mexicanus	0.14	0.00	−0.14
Eastern Phoebe	Sayornis phoebe	0.14	0.00	−0.14
Downy Woodpecker	Picoides pubescens	0.21	0.07	−0.15
American Goldfinch	Carduelis tristis	0.29	0.13	−0.15
Brown-headed Cowbird	Molothrus ater	0.36	0.13	−0.22
Red-bellied Woodpecker	Melanerpes carolinus	0.43	0.20	−0.23
White-breasted Nuthatch	Sitta carolinensis	0.43	0.20	−0.23
Great Crested Flycatcher	Myiarchus crinitus	0.29	0.00	−0.29
American Robin	Turdus migratorius	0.29	0.00	−0.29
European Starling	Sturnus vulgaris	0.29	0.00	−0.29
American Crow	Corvus brachyrhynchos	0.50	0.20	−0.30
Eastern Towhee	Pipilo erythrophthalmus	0.36	0.00	−0.36
Song Sparrow	Melospiza melodia	0.43	0.00	−0.43
Chipping Sparrow	Spizella passerine	0.43	0.00	−0.43
Northern Cardinal	Cardinalis cardinalis	0.57	0.13	−0.44
Blue Jay	Cyanocitta cristata	0.64	0.20	−0.44
Carolina Chickadee	Poecile carolinensis	0.79	0.20	−0.59
Common Grackle	Quiscalus quiscula	0.64	0.00	−0.64
Carolina Wren	Thryothorus ludovicianus	0.93	0.20	−0.73
Tufted Titmouse	Baeolophus bicolor	1.43	0.60	−0.83
Chimney Swift	Chaetura pelagica	0.93	0.07	−0.86