Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Ozark Zigzag Salamanders to Stimuli from an Invasive Predator: The Armadillo

Figure 1

Diagram of the testing apparatus used to test behavioral responses of salamanders to airborne cues in Experiment 2 (diagram modified from Windel 2005). Salamanders occupied their home chambers which were connected by air line to stimulus chambers containing diluted armadillo feces, deer feces, or blank water; air was pumped from the stimulus chamber through the salamander’s chamber via the flow meter. Dotted arrows indicate direction of flow.