Community-Level Response of Fishes and Aquatic Macroinvertebrates to Stream Restoration in a Third-Order Tributary of the Potomac River, USA
Figure 5
Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination plot for fish communities at all sampling reaches (stress = 11.3 for 2-dimensional solution) in the Cacapon River, WVa, USA. Reaches are labeled by reach category: upstream control (impaired reach, but not receiving restoration) denoted “UC”; downstream control denoted “DC”; upstream reference (unimpaired, natural reach) denoted “UR”; downstream reference denoted “DR”. “Pre” denotes the restoration reach prior to restoration (2009), and “Post” denotes the restoration reach after restoration (2010). Selected fish species are positioned in the ordination as weighted averages. Vector lengths indicate relative correlative strength of fish community metrics based on an index of biotic integrity suggested by Daniels et al. [19] (; 1000 permutations).
