|
Enzyme | Reaction | Equations | References |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
|
Alkaline phosphatase (EC: 3.1.3.1, ALP) | orttophosphoric monoester +H2O alcohol + H3PO4 | (16) | [12–14, 32] |
Urease (EC: 3.5.1.5) | NH2CONH2+3 H2O 2 NH4+ +HCO3− + OH− | (17) | [5, 33–38] |
Urease/glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) | NH2CONH2 + H2O CO2 + 2 NH3 | (18) | [39] |
NH3 + α-ketoglutarate + NADH + H+ L-glutamate + NAD+ | (19) | |
Tyrosinase (EC: 1.14.18.1, Ty) | | (20) |
[40, 41] |
| (21) | |
Acetylcholinesterase (EC: 3.1.1.7, AChE) | 2(CH3)3N+(CH2)2SCOCH3+H2O (CH3)3N+(CH2)2SH + CH3COOH | (22) |
[42, 43] |
2(CH3)3N+(CH2)2SH - 2e- →
2(CH3)3N+(CH2)2 S - S(CH2)2N+(CH3)3 + 2H+ | (23) | |
Nitrate reductase (EC: 1.7.1.2, NR or NAD(P)H-NR) | NO3− + NAD(P)H + H+ NO2− + NAD(P)+ + H2O | (24) | [44, 45] |
PQQ glucose dehydrogenase (EC: 1.1.5.2, PQQ-GDH) | D-glucose + ubiquinone D-glucono-1,5-lactone + ubiquinol | (25) | [15] |
Glycerol-(PQQ) 1-oxidoreductase (EC: 1.1.99.22, PQQ-GlyDH) | Glycerol+ acceptor (ox) glycerine/dihydroxyacetone + acceptor (red) | (26) | [46] |
Glucose oxidase (EC: 1.1.3.4, GOx) | first generation glucose + Gox(FAD) + H2O [glucose-Gox(FAD)] → gluconic acid + Gox(FADH2) | (27) |
[20, 47] |
O2 + Gox(FADH2) [O2-Gox(FADH2)] → H2O2 + Gox(FAD) | (28) | |
second generation glucose + Gox(FAD) + H2O [glucose-Gox(FAD)] → gluconic acid + Gox(FADH2) | (27) | |
Mox + Gox(FADH2) Mred + Gox(FAD) + 2H+ | (29) | [48] |
Mred → Mox + e− | (30) | |
Invertase (EC: 3.2.1.26, Inv)/Gox | Sucrose + H2O α-D-glucose + D-fructose | (31) | [49] |
α-D-glucose + O2 D-gluconic acid + H2O2 | (32) | |
Invertase/Mutarotase/Gox | Sucrose + H2O α-D-glucose + D-fructose | (33) | |
α-D-glucose β-D-glucose | (34) | [50] |
β-D-glucose + O2 D-gluconic acid + H2O2 | (32) | |
H2O2 O2 + 2H+ + 2e− | (35) | |
| H2O2 + HRPred → H2O + HRPox | (36) | |
Horseradish peroxidase (EC: 1.11.1.7, HRP) | | (37) | [7] |
| | (38) | |
L-lactate dehydrogenase (EC: 1.1.1.27, LDH)/L-lactate oxidase (EC: 1.13.12.4, LOD) | NADH + H+ + pyruvate L-lactate + NAD+ | (39) |
[22] |
L-lactate + O2 pyruvate + H2O2 | (40) | |
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