|
Biorecognition element | Metal ion/detection limit | Linear range | Detection method | References |
Promoter/reporter gene | Host microorganism |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (6) | (7) |
|
| Bacteria | | | | |
|
Ars pR773/lacZ | Escherichia coli | As3+/50βM; Sb3+/1βfM | M-mM; fM-M | Chemiluminescence | [73] |
CUP 1/lacZ | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Cu2+ | 16.0ββ32.0βmg/L | Amperometry/ β0.6βV versus Ag/AgCl | [80] |
pMOL 90 + Tn4431/luxCDABE | Alcaligenes eutrophus (AE1239) | Cu2+/1βM | 0β250βM | Bioluminescence | [81] |
cadA and cad C/lucFF | Staphylococcus aureus (RN4220) | Cd2+/10 nM; Pb2+/33βnM; Sb2+/1 nM | 10βnM1M 33βnMβ 330βM 1βnMβ330 nM | Bioluminescence | [82] |
mer /lux | Escherichia coli (CM 2624) | Hg2+ | | Bioluminescence | [83] |
merR/luxFF | Escherichia coli (S30) | Hg2+ | | Luminescence | [84] |
merR/luxFF | Escherichia coli (MC 1061) | Hg2+ | | Luminescence | [85] |
β/DsRed-GFP | Escherichia coli (DH5Ξ±) | Cu2+/45βnM | | Fluorescence | [86] |
β/lux | Burkholderia sp (RASC c2) | Zn2+/1.7βg/mL Cu2+/0.09βg/mL | | Bioluminescence | [70] |
cad/rs-GFP | Escherichia coli (DH5Ξ±) | Cd2+/0.1βnmol/L; Pb2+/10βnmol/L; Sb3+/0.1βnmol/L | | Fluorescence | [87] |
β/eGFP205C | Escherichia coli (K12), Caenorhabditis elegans | Hg2+ | | Fluorescence | [88] |
copA/lux | Escherichia coli (W3110) | Cu2+, Ag+, Au3+ | | Bioluminescence | [89] |
|
| Algae | | | | |
|
Tetraselmis chuii (Prasinophyceae)/CPE | Cu2+/4.6 10β10βM | 5 10β8β10β6βM | Amperometry/ β0.4βV versus Ag/AgCl | [90] |
Chlorella vulgaris | Cd2+ | | Synchronous-scan Spectrofluorimetry | [91] |
AlkP from Chlorella vulgaris/Pt | Cd2+, Zn2+/10βppb | | Conductometry | [75] |
Phormidium sp./CPE | Pb2+/2.5 10β8βM | 5 10β8β 2 10β5βM | CV, DPSV | [92] |
|
| Yeast cell | | | | |
|
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa/CPE | Cu2+ | 10β7β10β5βM | CV, DPSV | [93] |
|
| Fungi | | | | |
|
Rhizopus arrhizus/CPE | Pb2+/0.5 10β8βM | 10β7β 1.25 10β5βM | CV, DPSV | [94] |
|
Metal-binding protein | | | | |
|
Synthetic phytochelatin (EC)/Au | Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ | 1βfMβ10βmM | capacitance | [68] |
GST-SmtA/Au | Hg2+ | | capacitance | [83] |
GST-SmtA/Au | Hg2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+/ 10β15βM | | capacitance | [6, 95] |
MerR/Au | Hg2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+/10β15βM | | capacitance | [6, 95] |
Cytocrom c3 from Desulfomicrobium norvegicum/GCE | Cr6+/0.2βmg/L | | Amperometry/β0,53βV versus SCE | [96] |
Escherichia coli (NCIMB 8277)/SPE | Hg2+/1βppm | | Conductometry | [78] |
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans/O2 Clark electrode | Cr3+ | 2 10β5β40 10β5 M | Amperometry/β | [97] |
Circinella sp./CPE | Cu2+/5.4 10β8βM(0.0034βmg/L) | 5 10β7 β 1 10β5βM Cu2+(0.032β0.635βmg/L) | DPSV | [65] |
CUP1 gene from Saccharomyces | Cu2+ | 16β32βmg/L | Amperometry/β0.6βV versus Ag/AgCl | ββ [80] |
Cerevisiaeβfused to lacZ gene from |
Escherichia coli/O2 Clark electrode |
Escherichia coli (K-12)-(PAH-PSS)3βITO | Hg2+/10β12βM | 10β12β10β3βM | Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy | [98] |
Bacillus sphaericus MTCC 5100/ NH4+-ISE | Ni2+/100 ppm or 0.044βppm in food | 0.03β0.68βnM | Potentiometry | [99] |
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