Tree Species Diversity and Composition of Miombo Woodlands in South-Central Angola: A Chronosequence of Forest Recovery after Shifting Cultivation

Table 1

Stand structure of woody species and Importance Values Index of four forest’s stages. YF = young fallows; MF = medium fallows; OF = old fallows; and MW = mature forests/woodlands.

Species	Relative frequency				Relative density				Relative dominance				Importance Value Index
	YF	MF	OF	MW	YF	MF	OF	MW	YF	MF	OF	MW	YF	MF	OF	MW
Albizia antunesiana	—	1.47	—	0.43	—	0.64	—	0.11	—	0.18	—	0.02	—	2.17	—	0.55
Albizia gummifera	2.58	—	—	0.43	0.97	—	—	0.23	0.43	—	—	0.03	3.69	—	—	0.67
Anisophyllea boehmii	0.65	2.45	—	0.43	0.24	0.90	—	0.11	0.09	1.68	—	0.05	0.92	3.91	—	0.56
Baphia bequaertii	2.58	3.92	4.71	3.88	1.21	1.67	2.39	3.31	0.57	1.86	1.32	2.98	3.98	6.21	7.54	8.18
Bobgunnia madagascariensis	4.52	2.94	3.14	2.16	3.62	0.90	0.87	0.91	1.86	0.35	0.53	0.81	8.76	3.96	4.19	3.34
Brachystegia bakeriana	1.94	1.47	4.19	4.31	1.21	0.39	0.87	0.46	0.40	0.17	0.53	0.52	3.28	1.91	5.23	4.94
Brachystegia spiciformis	5.81	4.90	5.24	4.31	3.62	4.37	3.80	19.06	3.25	5.41	6.92	27.40	10.51	11.08	11.34	32.51
Burkea africana	5.16	4.90	4.71	3.88	6.28	4.63	4.23	3.54	6.52	2.05	3.09	2.12	13.61	10.21	9.97	8.13
Chrysophyllum bangweolense	—	1.47	—	—	—	0.39	—	—	—	0.13	—	—	—	1.90	—	—
Combretum collinum	6.45	3.43	5.24	2.16	13.04	2.44	6.51	1.26	7.45	1.44	6.94	0.62	21.98	6.35	14.06	3.62
Combretum sp. (139009)	—	—	—	3.88	—	—	—	1.71	—	—	—	0.90	—	—	—	5.89
Combretum zeyheri	6.45	4.90	4.71	1.29	10.39	6.17	6.51	0.46	7.99	10.06	14.93	0.19	19.50	14.43	16.19	1.81
Copaifera baumiana	—	—	—	0.86	—	—	—	0.34	—	—	—	0.03	—	—	—	1.22
Cryptosepalum exfoliatum subsp. pseudotaxus	1.29	1.96	4.71	4.31	1.21	0.90	1.41	15.30	0.72	0.48	0.64	10.76	2.74	3.02	6.34	23.19
Dialium englerianum	3.23	4.41	3.14	1.72	2.42	2.19	0.76	0.80	3.16	2.42	1.36	0.70	6.70	7.40	4.35	2.76
Diospyros batocana	—	—	—	0.86	—	—	—	0.23	—	—	—	0.14	—	—	—	1.14
Diplorhynchus condylocarpon	6.45	3.92	5.24	3.88	6.28	3.08	10.20	6.05	2.14	3.36	8.45	5.65	13.45	8.13	18.25	11.81
Ekebergia benguelensis	—	1.96	—	—	—	0.51	—	—	—	0.30	—	—	—	2.57	—	—
Erythrophleum africanum	6.45	4.90	5.24	4.31	13.29	11.95	11.82	13.47	18.63	8.86	14.13	14.88	25.95	19.81	21.77	22.74
Faurea rochetiana	—	—	—	0.86	—	—	—	0.23	—	—	—	0.09	—	—	—	1.12
Guibourtia coleosperma	2.58	0.49	0.52	2.59	0.97	0.13	0.11	1.26	0.23	0.04	0.04	3.25	3.62	0.63	0.64	4.93
Hymenocardia acida	4.52	4.41	4.71	3.88	3.14	3.98	2.71	2.51	6.75	3.63	1.77	0.97	9.91	9.61	8.01	6.71
Julbernardia paniculata	5.81	4.90	5.24	4.31	4.83	33.68	32.21	2.85	3.72	25.83	27.00	6.60	11.88	47.19	46.45	9.36
Memecylon flavovirens	—	—	—	2.16	—	—	—	1.26	—	—	—	1.17	—	—	—	3.80
Monotes africanus	1.94	2.94	2.09	4.31	1.69	1.29	0.76	5.82	1.24	1.44	0.45	8.23	4.04	4.71	3.00	12.87
Monotes katangensis	2.58	2.45	1.57	3.45	2.42	0.77	0.76	1.26	1.61	0.27	0.33	1.91	5.53	3.31	2.44	5.34
Ochna schweinfurthiana	—	—	4.19	3.45	—	—	1.19	3.08	—	—	0.29	0.73	—	—	5.48	6.77
Oldfieldia dactylophylla	—	0.49	2.09	0.43	—	0.13	0.54	0.11	—	0.04	0.30	0.03	—	0.63	2.74	0.56
Parinari curatellifolia	—	1.47	—	2.59	—	0.39	—	1.03	—	0.38	—	0.36	—	1.98	—	3.73
Pericopsis angolensis	1.29	4.41	5.24	—	0.48	2.70	4.88	—	3.34	8.09	3.55	—	2.89	9.81	11.30	—
Protea gaguedi	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Protea petiolaris	1.29	—	1.05	0.43	0.48	—	0.22	0.11	0.34	—	0.07	0.09	1.89	—	1.29	0.57
Protea sp. (139072)	—	1.96	—	—	—	0.64	—	—	—	0.38	—	—	—	2.73	—	—
Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia var. dekindtii	1.29	2.45	4.19	3.02	0.48	0.90	1.52	1.48	0.29	2.20	2.86	1.34	1.87	4.08	6.66	4.95
Pteleopsis anisoptera	0.65	0.49	0.52	3.02	0.24	0.13	0.11	1.60	0.07	0.02	0.01	0.82	0.91	0.63	0.64	4.89
Pterocarpus angolensis	3.87	1.47	2.09	3.02	2.17	0.51	1.08	1.94	0.57	0.11	1.52	1.04	6.24	2.02	3.68	5.30
Rothmannia engleriana	—	0.49	0.52	1.72	—	0.13	0.11	0.46	—	0.02	0.02	0.27	—	0.63	0.64	2.27
Schrebera trichoclada	3.87	2.94	1.57	0.86	1.45	1.03	0.33	0.34	0.51	0.75	0.06	0.13	5.49	4.22	1.91	1.25
Securidaca longepedunculata	0.65	0.98	2.62	0.43	0.24	0.39	0.65	0.23	0.04	0.17	0.57	0.11	0.90	1.42	3.46	0.70
Strychnos cocculoides	1.94	—	2.09	1.29	0.97	—	0.43	0.34	0.31	—	0.30	0.16	3.01	—	2.63	1.69
Strychnos pungens	—	0.49	—	—	—	0.13	—	—	—	0.54	—	—	—	0.80	—	—
Strychnos mitis	—	—	—	1.72	—	—	—	0.68	—	—	—	0.21	—	—	—	2.48
Strychnos spinosa	1.94	0.49	1.05	1.29	0.97	0.13	0.22	0.34	0.74	0.02	0.04	0.11	3.15	0.62	1.28	1.67
Syzygium benguellense	0.65	—	—	0.86	0.24	—	—	0.34	0.05	—	—	0.08	0.90	—	—	1.23
Syzygium cordatum	—	0.49	0.52	0.86	—	0.13	0.11	0.46	—	0.49	0.03	0.35	—	0.78	0.64	1.43
Syzygium guineense	3.23	3.92	2.09	—	3.38	3.73	0.65	—	1.14	4.28	0.33	—	6.99	9.08	2.85	—
Terminalia brachystemma	6.45	4.90	2.62	1.29	11.35	4.37	1.19	1.14	25.47	8.45	1.12	0.31	26.29	12.09	4.18	2.54
Uapaca kirkiana	—	3.43	—	0.43	—	2.19	—	0.11	—	2.78	—	0.03	—	0.62	—	0.56
Uapaca nitida var. nitida	0.65	0.49	2.09	4.31	0.24	0.13	0.54	2.05	0.07	0.02	0.39	2.71	0.91	6.54	2.77	7.27
Unidentified sp. 1 (139230)	—	0.49	0.52	—	—	0.13	0.11	—	—	0.04	0.05	—	—	0.63	0.65	—
Unidentified sp. 2 (139236)	—	1.47	—	—	—	0.39	—	—	—	0.13	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vitex madiensis	1.29	2.94	0.52	1.29	0.48	0.90	0.22	0.46	0.30	0.35	0.06	0.40	1.87	3.96	0.76	1.88
Warneckea sapinii	—	0.49	—	3.02	—	0.13	—	1.14	—	0.07	—	0.70	—	0.64	—	4.39