|
| Substance or plant | Test organism | Type of test/parameter | Concentration/dose | Authors |
|
| Safflower yellow (SY) | In vitro: HUVEC-12 (human umbilical vein endothelial cells), BMSCs (bone marrow stromal cells) | Transwell and tube formation assay/migration and angiogenesis of HUVEC-12 cells | 4.5, 9.0, and 18 μg/ml | [69] |
| Western blot analysis/protein expression |
|
| Polysaccharides isolated from safflower | In vitro: calvarial osteoblast cells of rats | MTT assay/cell proliferation (percentage of cell viability) | 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml, for 24, 48, and 72 h | [70] |
| ALP activity assay/percentage of ALP activity |
| Caspase colorimetric assay kit/caspase-3 activity assay |
| Annexin V-FITC/IP staining kit/percentage of apoptotic cells |
| Western blot analysis/protein expression |
|
| (1→3)-linked β-d-glucan | In vivo: rabbits | Western blot analysis/protein expression | 25, 100, and 200 mg/kg, for 60 days | [72] |
| HOP (hydroxyproline) and HOM (hexosamine) concentration in serum |
|
| Methanol extract of flowers | In vivo: rats | Histological studies/examination of pancreatic tissue | Doses 200 mg/kg daily, intraperitoneally, for 4 weeks | [49] |
|
| Methanol extract of C. tinctorius leaves | In vivo: rats | Span diagnostic reagent kit/serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase level | 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body, for 24 days; oral route | [87] |
| Span diagnostic reagent kit/serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase |
| Span diagnostic reagent kit/serum alkaline phosphatase |
| Agappe diagnostic kit/serum total bilirubin |
|
| LDF (Chinese herbal formula) | In vivo: patients with advanced HCC (liver cancer) | Overall survival and time to progression | 100 ml/time, three times a day | [93] |
| Serum levels of AFP, ALT, TBIL, and ALB/automatic analyzer |
|
| Carthamus oxyacantha | In vitro: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus strains | Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)/the minimum inhibitory concentration | Extract: 1.0 mg/ml, 2.0 mg/ml, 3.0 mg/ml, 4.0 mg/ml, and 5.0 mg/ml | [55] |
| Well diffusion method/zone of inhibition against pathogens growth | 200 μl of plant extract |
| In vivo: mice | Castor oil-induced diarrhea; magnesium sulfate-induced diarrhea/% inhibition of defecation, latency | Methanol extract: 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg |
| WST-8 method/glycogen synthase |
| Fasting blood glucose/glucometer test |
| Oral glucose tolerance test/glucometer test (0, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after oral administration with glucose solution) |
| Assay kits/fasting blood insulin, triglycerides, total serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum |
| Western blot analysis/protein expression |
|
