Pharmacogenomics and Opioid Analgesics: Clinical Implications

Table 2

Case reports providing evidence on the impact of polymorphisms of metabolizing enzymes on the safety of hydrocodone or oxycodone.

Author	Metabolizing enzyme	Polymorphism	Adverse event
Madadi et al., 2010 [32]	CYP2D6	CYP2D641	Death
Samer et al., 2010 [28]	CYP2D6	32 alleles using the AmpliChip TMCYP450 DNA microarray	Volunteers who were CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers experienced higher toxicity especially after CYP3A blockade with ketoconazole
Lemberg et al., 2010 [29]	CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5		No effect of genotype in patients treated for malignant and nonmalignant chronic pain
Andreassen et al., 2012 [30]	CYP2D6	CYP2D62 × 2	Genotype did not affect safety profile that is the incidence of nausea, tiredness, or cognitive failure in a cohort of cancer patients