MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in Thyroid Carcinoma

Table 1

Known targets for deregulated miRNAs in thyroid tumors and association with genetic alterations.

Histotype	miRNA expression (↑/↓)	Oncogenic alteration	Molecular target	Reference
PTC	↑ 146b, 221, 222	n. d.	KIT	[24]
	↑ 181b, 221, 222	n. d.	n. d.	[43]
	↑ 187	RET/PTC, RAS	n. d.	[27]
	↑ 146b, 221, 222; ↓ 187	BRAF V600E
	↑ 146b	BRAF V600E	n. d.	[33]
	↑ 221	BRAF V600E	n. d.	[34]
	↑ 451	n.d.	n.d.	[44]
	↓ 137	n. d.	CXCL12	[45]
	↓ 451a	n.d.	n.d.	[46]
FTC	↑ 197, 346	n. d.	n. d.	[42]
	↑ 181b, 187	n. d.	n. d.	[27]
	↑ 221	n. d.	n. d.	[29]
	↓ 574-3p
	↑ 146b, 183, 221	n. d.	n. d.	[38]
	↓ 199b
	↓ 199a-5p	n. d.	CTGF	[47]
Hürtle	↑ 187, 197	n. d.	n. d.	[27]
	↑ 885-5p	n. d.	n. d.	[29]
	↑ 885-5p	n. d.	n. d.	[40]
	↓ 138, 768-3p
ATC	↑ 137, 205, 302c	n. d.	n. d.	[27]
	↑ 221, 222	n. d.	n. d.	[48]
	↑ 146a	n. d.	NF-kB	[49]
	↓ 30, 200	n. d.	n. d.	[39]
MTC	↑ 130a, 138, 193a-3p, 373, 498	n. d.	n. d.	[50]
	↓7, 10a,29c, 200b-200c
	↑ 9, 21, 127, 154, 183, 224, 323, 370, 375	n. d.	PDCD4	[28, 51]
	↓ 129-5p	RET	n. d.	[30]
	↑ 183, 375	n. d.	n. d.	[52]
	↑ 10a, 375	n.d.	YAP	[53]
	↓455

() ↑/↓: upregulated/downregulated; (): PTC with lymph node metastasis. ATC: anaplastic thyroid carcinoma; BRAF: b-type rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma; CTGF: connective tissue growth factor; CXCL12: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12; FTC: follicular thyroid carcinoma; KIT: proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase; MTC: medullary thyroid carcinoma; n. d.: not determined; PDCD4: programmed cell death 4; PTC: papillary thyroid carcinoma; RAS: rat sarcoma; RET/PTC: rearranged during transfection/papillary thyroid carcinoma; YAP: yes-associated protein.