Goat Genomic Resources: The Search for Genes Associated with Its Economic Traits

Table 2

Genes that are related to milk production traits in goat.

Gene name	Chromosome	Exon	Function	Founder breeds/population	References
LEPR	3	22	Impact upon blood glucose regulation, milk yield, and milk fat production	Holstein dairy	[34]
LEP	4	3			[33–35]
BDNF	15	6	Impact upon food intake and thus nutrient and energy availability for milk production	Holstein dairy	[31, 36–39]
FTO	18	9
IGF1	5	7
ABCG2	6	22
GHR	20	13	Affect growth, proliferation, and apoptosis of cells	Holstein dairy, Ayrshire dairy, Chinese cattle	[34, 40–43]
PRLR	20	11
DGAT1	14	18	Involved directly in triglyceride (milk fat) synthesis	Xinong Saanen and Guanzhong goat	[44–47]
AGPAT6	27	14
RPL3	5	10	Regulating energy balance during lactation work	Saanen goat	[12]
VPS13	8	73	Associated with milk production	Saanen goat
VPS13B	14	65	Associated with leg morphology, related to fertility and milk production	Holstein dairy	[29]
VPS13C	10	85	Act on glucose homeostasis for high milk production	Holstein dairy	[30]
OPN	6	7	Milk yield and milk fat production	Holstein dairy	[41, 48]
BTNA1	23	9	Essential for the secretion of milk-lipid droplets	Bamu wild goat, Khonj wild goat, Australian feral rangeland goat, Boer goat, Australian cashmere goat	[27]
GH1	19	5	May stimulate breast development and enhances milk production and associated with milk production	Holstein dairy	[31]
αs1-casein	6	19	Major milk protein production and milk formulation	Vallesana, Roccaverano, Maltese, Jonica, and Garganica goat	[8]
CSN1S2	6	19	Encode the major fraction of milk proteins	Sarda goat	[32, 49]
CSN2	6	9