Stratification of the Low-Latitude and Near-Equatorial F2 Layer, Topside Ionization Ledge, and F3 Layer: What We Know about This? A Review
Figure 18
Bottom panel: hmF3 diurnal variation. The points show the IK-19 data, the solid line: approximation of the IK-19 data, the dashed line: virtual height of the F3 layer from ground-based ionosonde data [65]. Closed contour outlines a data array of Alouette-1 with ionization ledge occurrence according to Lockwood and Nelms [18]. Top panel: variation in vertical plasma drift velocity over the equator [68] and the equatorial anomaly intensity (EAI).
