A Synergy between Controlled Salinity Brine and Biosurfactant Flooding for Improved Oil Recovery: An Experimental Investigation Based on Zeta Potential and Interfacial Tension Measurements

Figure 8

Secondary CSBSB flooding application greenzyme (a, c, e) and rhamnolipids (b, d, f): (a-b) cumulative oil recovery and differential pressure; (c-d) pH and conductivity of the effluent; (e-f) Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ analyses of the effluent. The straight lines indicate concentration of Ca²⁺ (coloured) and Mg²⁺ (black) in connate water saturation (—) and CSB injected (. . .).

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