Lack of Anatomical Concordance between Preablation and Postablation CT Images: A Risk Factor Related to Ablation Site Recurrence

Table 1

Patient and tumour characteristics.

	Patients	Tumours
Number	47	97
Gender ♂/♀	30/17 (64%/36%)	—
Age (mean, range)	61.8 years (39–81)	—
Deceased	12/47 (26%)	—
Partial hepatectomy	34 (72%)	73 (75%)
Before RFA^a	5 (15%)	20 (27%)
During RFA	25 (73%)	43 (59%)
After RFA	4 (12%)	10 (14%)
Type of partial hepatectomy (𝑛=34)
Right-sided hemihepatectomy	12 (35%)	—
Left-sided hemihepatectomy	8 (24%)	—
Segment 2 and 3 resection	12 (35%)	—
Other	2 (6%)	—
Synchronous/metachronous disease	26/21 (55%/45%)	57/40 (59%/41%)
Indication RFA
Bilobar disease	29 (62%)	—
Recurrence after partial; hepatectomy	8 (17%)	—
Major comorbidity	7 (15%)	—
Minimal residual disease	2 (4%)	—
Severe steatosis	1 (2%)	—
RFA procedures
1 RFA	35 (75%)	—
2 RFAs	9 (19%)	—
3 RFAs	1 (2%)	—
4 RFAs	2 (4%)	—
RFA approach (64 procedures)
Open	39 (61%)	63 (65%)
CT targeted^b	25 (39%)	34 (35%)
No. of tumors ablated (64 procedures)
1 tumor	44 (69%)	—
2 tumors	13 (20%)	—
≥3 tumors	7 (11%)	—
Recurrence	33 (70%)	74 (76%)
ASR^c	11 (23%)	20 (21%)
Repeat RFA for ASR
Yes	5 (11%)	10 (10%)^d
No	42 (89%)	87 (90%)
Partial hepatectomy for ASR
Yes	1 (2%)	2 (2%)
No	46 (98%)	95 (98%)

^aRFA: radiofrequency ablation.
^bCT targeted: computer tomography targeted.
^cASR: ablation site recurrence.
^dCT targeted RFA was performed initially in all tumours which underwent repeated RFA for ASR.