What Are the Precursor and Early Lesions of Peripheral Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma?

Figure 8

Schema of precursor lesions of peripheral intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (peripheral-ICC). Some of so-called benign lesions such as bile duct adenoma, von Meyenburg complex, and biliary adenofibroma are occasionally followed by the development of peripheral-ICC, and some of low grade cholangiocarcinoma (cholangiolocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma with ductal plate malformation (DPM)-like features) are also followed by ordinary peripheral-ICC. In addition, bile duct adenoma-like lesion and atypical small bile duct lesions described here could be also related to the development of peripheral ICC. Unidentified factors or lesions and may also be involved in the development of peripheral ICC.