Incidence of New-Onset Hypertension in Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Table 5

Cox proportional hazards regression analysis identifying predictors of new-onset hypertension.

Baseline and clinical characteristics	Moderate or higher hypertension		Severe or crisis-level hypertension		Crisis-level hypertension
	Hazard ratio; (95% CI)	P value	Hazard ratio; (95% CI)	P Value	Hazard ratio; (95% CI)	P value
Gender
Male	Reference		Reference		Reference
Female	1.02 (0.97–1.09)	0.42	1.29 (1.09–1.53)	0.0027	1.28 (1.08–1.51)	0.0039
Age
18–<30	0.60 (0.42–0.87)	0.0073	0.00 (0.00–>999)	0.92	0.00 (0.00–>999)	0.92
30–<50	Reference		Reference		Reference
50–<65	1.55 (1.45–1.67)	<0.0001	1.87 (1.49–2.35)	<0.0001	1.87 (1.49–2.34)	<0.0001
≥65	2.13 (1.97–2.30)	<0.0001	2.71 (2.13–3.46)	<0.0001	2.74 (2.15–3.50)	<0.0001
Year of diagnosis
2000–2002	0.95 (0.88–1.02)	0.16	1.20 (0.97–1.49)	0.096	0.98 (0.79–1.23)	0.89
2003–2005	0.93 (0.88–0.97)	0.0023	1.10 (0.95–1.26)	0.2	0.97 (0.84–1.12)	0.67
2006–2008	Reference		Reference		Reference
Cancer type
Breast	Reference		Reference		Reference
Lung	1.20 (1.12–1.29)	<0.0001	1.25 (1.03–1.51)	0.027	1.38 (1.13–1.67)	0.0013
Colorectal	1.33 (1.24–1.43)	<0.0001	1.72 (1.42–2.08)	<0.0001	1.77 (1.46–2.14)	<0.0001
Head and neck	1.29 (1.11–1.49)	0.0007	1.55 (1.01–2.37)	0.044	1.74 (1.13–2.66)	0.011
Gastric	1.31 (1.08–1.60)	0.0069	2.14 (1.31–3.47)	0.0022	2.37 (1.46–3.85)	0.0005
Ovarian	1.31 (1.16–1.48)	<0.0001	1.89 (1.38–2.57)	<0.0001	1.95 (1.43–2.66)	<0.0001
Cervical	1.63 (1.33–2.00)	<0.0001	1.46 (0.75–2.85)	0.26	1.63 (0.84–3.18)	0.15
Renal	1.83 (1.57–2.12)	<0.0001	1.52 (0.96–2.42)	0.074	1.67 (1.05–2.66)	0.03
Melanoma	1.07 (0.90–1.26)	0.44	1.31 (0.81–2.13)	0.27	1.41 (0.86–2.29)	0.17
Prostate	1.47 (1.32–1.64)	<0.0001	1.47 (1.06–2.04)	0.021	1.54 (1.11–2.14)	0.0095
Connective and other soft; tissue	1.32 (1.10–1.58)	0.0022	1.00 (0.51–1.95)	0.99	1.05 (0.54–2.05)	0.89
Baseline BP status
Ideal normal BP	Reference		Reference		Reference
Prehypertension	2.60 (2.45–2.77)	<0.0001	2.56 (2.13–3.07)	<0.0001	2.54 (2.12–3.05)	<0.0001
Clinic type
Hospital	Reference		Reference		Reference
Community	0.88 (0.83–0.93)	<0.0001	1.29 (1.09–1.52)	0.0026	1.24 (1.05–1.46)	0.01
Health insurance type
Private	Reference		Reference		Reference
Public	1.18 (1.08–1.28)	0.0002	1.45 (1.12–1.86)	0.0042	1.47 (1.14–1.89)	0.0032
Self	1.41 (1.02–1.94)	0.035	0.38 (0.05–2.69)	0.33	0.39 (0.05–2.81)	0.35
Mixed	1.09 (1.01–1.18)	0.026	1.42 (1.12–1.79)	0.0034	1.41 (1.12–1.78)	0.0037
Other/unknown	1.09 (1.03–1.16)	0.0057	1.64 (1.35–1.99)	<0.0001	1.61 (1.33–1.95)	<0.0001
Region of residence
Northeast	Reference		Reference		Reference
South	1.26 (1.00–1.58)	0.049	1.75 (0.83–3.70)	0.14	1.68 (0.79–3.55)	0.18
Midwest	1.56 (1.23–1.97)	0.0002	2.54 (1.19–5.43)	0.016	2.42 (1.13–5.17)	0.022
West	0.85 (0.67–1.09)	0.2	1.13 (0.52–2.47)	0.75	1.10 (0.51–2.40)	0.81
Chemotherapy
No chemotherapy	Reference		Reference		Reference
First-line cytotoxic	2.19 (2.07–2.32)	<0.0001	1.98 (1.69–2.33)	<0.0001	2.65 (2.24–3.14)	<0.0001
First-line targeted	2.28 (1.90–2.74)	<0.0001	2.99 (1.89–4.73)	<0.0001	3.45 (2.18–5.46)	<0.0001
First-line combination	3.39 (3.05–3.76)	<0.0001	3.20 (2.44–4.20)	<0.0001	3.65 (2.78–4.80)	<0.0001
Second-line cytotoxic	2.46 (2.18–2.76)	<0.0001	1.66 (1.11–2.49)	0.013	1.56 (1.04–2.33)	0.03
Second-line targeted	3.15 (1.78–5.57)	<0.0001	7.93 (2.52–24.93)	0.0004	6.69 (2.13–21.04)	0.0011
Second-line combination	3.52 (3.07–4.05)	<0.0001	2.79 (1.81–4.31)	<0.0001	2.45 (1.59–3.78)	<0.0001
Third-line cytotoxic	2.77 (2.18–3.54)	<0.0001	1.60 (0.59–4.30)	0.35	1.22 (0.45–3.28)	0.69
Third-line targeted	3.49 (1.45–8.36)	0.0052	8.01 (1.12–57.31)	0.038	5.44 (0.76–38.88)	0.091
Third-line combination	2.50 (1.97–3.17)	<0.0001	1.57 (0.58–4.21)	0.37	1.16 (0.43–3.11)	0.77

Ideal normal BP: SBP < 120 mm Hg and DBP < 80 mm Hg. Prehypertension: SBP 120–150 mm Hg or DBP 80–100 mm Hg. Moderate hypertension: 150 mm Hg < SBP ≤ 160 mm Hg or 100 mm Hg < DBP ≤ 110 mm Hg. Severe hypertension: 160 mm Hg < SBP ≤ 180 mm Hg or 110 mm Hg < DBP ≤ 120 mm Hg. Crisis-level hypertension: 180 mm Hg < SBP or 120 mm Hg < DBP. BP: blood pressure; CI: confidence interval; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure.