Global Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in the Management of Primary Hypertension: The Role of the Kidney

Table 1

ESH-ESC Guidelines 2013.

Marker	Predictive power (CV disease)	Feasibility	Cost effectiveness
Electrocardiography	+++	++++	++++
Echocardiography	++++	+++	+++
Carotid intima-media thickness	+++	+++	+++
Arterial compliance (pulse wave velocity)	+++	++	+++
Ankle-brachial index	+++	+++	+++
Coronary calcium score	++	+	+
Endothelial dysfunction	++	+	+
Cerebral lacunae/white matter disease	++	++	+
Estimated GFR	+++	++++	++++
Microalbuminuria	+++	++++	++++

The table shows how renal abnormalities, that is, increased albuminuria and reduced eGFR, are best suited for the initial routine assessment of cardiovascular profile in patients with primary hypertension (modified from [2]).