Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Chronic Kidney Disease—FGF23: A Key Molecule in the Cardiovascular Disease

Table 1

Klotho expression in the aorta.

Author	Species	Klotho expression	Major findings	Effect of FGF23 on vascular calcification	References
Mitani	Rat	Negative	Klotho was expressed in the kidney but not in aorta or heart.	Not evaluated	[69]
Nakano-Kurimoto	Human	Positive (mRNA)	Klotho was expressed in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells but not in endothelial cells.	Not evaluated	[70]
Donate-Correa	Human	Positive (mRNA)	Klotho was expressed in human thoracic aorta and thrombus material from patients with acute coronary syndrome.	Not evaluated	[71]
Lim	Human	Positive	Klotho was expressed in human aorta or human aortic smooth muscle cells. Calcitriol restored the Klotho expression, decreased by uremic toxin.	FGF23 had an anticalcification effect in the presence of calcitriol.	[72]
Scialla	Human	Negative	FGF23 and Klotho were not detected in human or mouse VSMCs.	FGF23 had no effect on vascular calcification in human vascular smooth muscle cells or mouse aortic rings.	[73]
Lindberg	Mouse	Negative	Klotho expression was undetectable by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis.	FGF23 had no effect on vascular calcification in bovine vascular smooth muscle cells.	[74]
Fang	Mouse (ldlr−/−)	Positive	Early CKD reduced vascular Klotho and FGF23 expression.	Not evaluated	[75]
Jimbo	Rat	Positive	Klotho expression was detected in the aorta of normal and uremic rats.	FGF23 accelerated vascular calcification in Klotho-overexpressed rat VSMCs and rat aortic rings.	[76]