Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013: A National Survey

Table 2

Sociodemographic characteristics of undiagnosed hypertensive, hypertensive, and borderline hypertensive Saudis, males and females aged 15 years or older, 2013.

Sociodemographic and risk factors	Undiagnosed hypertensive						Hypertensive						Borderline hypertensive
	Males			Females			Males			Females			Males			Females
		Weighted %	SE		Weighted %	SE		Weighted %	SE		Weighted %	SE		Weighted %	SE		Weighted %	SE
Age (years)
15–24	48	4.22	0.76	22	2.38	0.63	50	4.27	0.75	24	2.47	0.63	454	40.44	1.87	295	25.13	1.65
25–34	104	8.01	0.95	57	3.46	0.62	135	10.36	1.07	69	4.16	0.66	651	60.77	1.96	485	35.87	1.79
35–44	160	15.39	1.42	97	8.45	1.12	216	21.13	1.61	149	13.35	1.38	612	67.45	2.06	501	49.05	2.04
45–54	136	21.73	2.12	103	12.20	1.43	232	35.36	2.37	224	26.93	2.04	373	72.81	2.54	366	59.61	2.60
55–64	93	20.14	2.57	84	21.50	2.98	209	48.36	3.17	214	48.61	3.45	224	86.63	2.33	186	67.36	4.09
65+	117	26.44	2.72	68	19.65	3.14	318	68.09	2.66	217	60.99	3.62	201	75.00	4.14	141	68.59	4.85
Marital status
Currently married	539	16.51	0.85	276	8.52	0.66	994	29.33	1.03	528	16.16	0.87	1790	68.60	1.19	1324	46.62	1.21
Never married	85	4.88	0.70	40	2.82	0.62	107	5.90	0.74	52	3.21	0.64	646	44.11	1.69	329	26.13	1.61
Separated, divorced, or widowed	34	23.87	4.58	113	14.88	1.85	58	35.38	4.91	314	39.55	2.58	73	74.45	5.18	313	60.84	3.22
Education
Primary school or less	209	15.98	1.42	269	11.91	1.02	449	30.90	1.78	634	25.69	1.33	554	56.15	2.53	842	52.14	1.81
Elementary or high school; completed	317	9.26	0.71	93	4.12	0.57	473	13.34	0.81	166	6.47	0.67	1267	52.37	1.46	687	30.19	1.41
College degree or higher; education	132	10.59	1.13	69	3.90	0.62	236	18.00	1.37	97	5.65	0.74	692	62.89	2.12	442	37.19	2.03
Smoking status
Never smoked							761	16.06	0.76	870	12.37	0.57	1703	53.41	1.33	1913	37.91	1.01
Exsmoker							135	31.87	3.11	5	5.33	3.01	182	56.15	3.86	15	44.06	13.70
Current smoker							259	18.78	1.47	22	27.41	7.29	624	60.36	2.23	41	48.13	8.43
Daily servings of fruits and vegetables
0							33	19.98	4.62	32	11.18	2.56	52	43.47	6.30	45	31.58	5.31
0–3							846	17.19	0.76	711	12.33	0.64	1950	55.09	1.27	1553	37.97	1.12
3–5							165	19.08	1.88	87	13.68	1.89	298	56.43	3.03	214	43.36	3.15
5+							96	21.56	2.65	47	13.04	2.48	176	61.07	3.91	115	34.76	3.85
Daily servings of red meat and chicken
0-1							328	20.84	1.41	345	13.21	0.95	652	60.56	2.14	734	38.41	1.62
1-2							405	16.93	1.07	317	12.02	0.96	977	54.37	1.78	687	37.94	1.68
2-3							206	16.52	1.56	111	12.55	1.72	424	46.41	2.63	267	35.70	2.78
3+							207	16.23	1.53	106	11.62	1.48	440	55.58	2.60	255	39.20	2.74
Daily hours spent watching TV
0-1							96	30.51	3.80	103	27.14	3.26	127	60.20	5.26	147	47.61	4.20
1–3							402	20.00	1.24	289	13.39	1.04	846	57.92	1.92	609	35.72	1.69
3–5							244	15.49	1.31	167	10.24	1.11	608	56.20	2.25	450	39.45	2.19
5+							163	14.74	1.49	150	12.22	1.47	380	54.47	2.74	298	37.42	2.57
Levels of physical activity
None							366	20.95	1.39	522	14.11	0.86	729	62.20	2.08	1066	40.86	1.43
Low							287	22.15	1.57	212	12.65	1.11	618	59.41	2.31	476	37.43	1.98
Moderate							188	18.30	1.74	66	9.04	1.46	383	53.81	2.72	168	30.74	2.88
High							319	13.10	0.98	97	9.75	1.46	785	49.28	1.85	264	36.16	2.53
Obesity
Not obese							628	12.85	0.67	327	7.14	0.56	1749	50.95	1.27	1055	32.36	1.21
Obese							486	32.17	1.72	529	22.08	1.23	719	71.93	2.04	867	51.97	1.72
History of diagnosis with prediabetes
No	633	10.93	0.57	408	6.51	0.46	1075	17.34	0.68	808	11.90	0.58	2403	54.92	1.12	1901	37.96	1.01
Yes	13	11.44	4.00	14	11.00	3.22	46	43.48	6.39	47	41.02	6.51	49	68.35	8.11	35	48.94	8.44
History of diagnosis with diabetes
No	527	10.06	0.58	346	6.07	0.46	791	14.30	0.66	574	9.18	0.53	2184	53.69	1.16	1724	36.48	1.03
Yes	130	19.26	2.00	82	13.82	1.96	362	51.72	2.58	314	56.60	2.88	310	75.11	3.05	226	67.31	3.48
History of diagnosis with hypercholesterolemia
No	582	10.38	0.56	383	6.38	0.46	872	14.79	0.65	661	10.19	0.55	2277	54.15	1.15	1812	37.14	1.02
Yes	60	14.64	2.42	37	9.23	2.06	239	54.46	3.19	181	55.04	3.77	193	73.31	3.62	119	61.42	4.26
Diagnosis of chronic condition
No	620	10.96	0.58	403	6.43	0.45	1010	16.62	0.68	791	11.55	0.56	2354	54.94	1.14	1871	37.93	1.02
Yes	38	9.39	2.15	28	9.83	2.98	150	34.09	3.30	103	30.68	3.96	159	57.08	4.20	99	41.20	4.58

SE: standard error.