International Journal of Hypertension

Research Article

Evaluation of 24-Hour Arterial Stiffness Indices and Central Hemodynamics in Healthy Normotensive Subjects versus Treated or Untreated Hypertensive Patients: A Feasibility Study

Table 2

Unadjusted (crude) and adjusted (by age, gender, body mass index, antihypertensive drug treatment, and 24-hour SBP and DBP) estimates for 24-hour BP and arterial stiffness parameters in healthy subjects and hypertensive patients.


	Crude estimate	value	Adjusted estimate	value
	(mean, 95% confidence interval)	value	(mean, 95% confidence interval)	value

Aortic SBP (mmHg)
Healthy subjects ( = 142)	105.6 (103.9, 107.2)	0.0001	108.3 (106.5, 110.0)	0.0001
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)	119.3 (118.6, 120.1)	0.0001	118.7 (118.0, 119.5)	0.0001
Aortic DBP (mmHg)
Healthy subjects ( = 142)	72.3 (71.2, 73.4)	0.0001	71.4 (70.2, 72.6)	0.0001
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)	75.6 (75.1, 76.1)	0.0001	75.8 (75.3, 76.3)	0.0001
RWTT (ms)
Healthy subjects ( = 142)	139.0 (137.2, 140.8)	0.0001	134.5 (132.5, 136.5)	0.0001
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)	126.6 (125.7, 127.4)	0.0001	127.5 (126.7, 128.3)	0.0001
Normalized RWTT (ms)
Healthy subjects ( = 142)	150.7 (146.5, 154.8)	0.0001	142.7 (138.3, 147.2)	0.005
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)	133.9 (131.9, 135.8)	0.0001	135.5 (133.7, 137.4)	0.005
Aortic PWV (m/s)
Healthy subjects ( = 142)	10.0 (9.9, 10.2)	0.007	10.2 (10.0, 10.4)	0.410
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)	10.3 (10.2, 10.4)	0.007	10.3 (10.2, 10.4)	0.410
Normalized aortic PWV (m/s)
Healthy subjects ( = 142)	9.2 (8.7, 9.6)	0.025	9.5 (9.0, 10.1)	0.617
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)	9.8 (9.5, 10.0)	0.025	9.7 (9.5, 9.9)	0.617
Peripheral AI (%)
Healthy subjects ( = 142)	−40.7 (−45.1, −36.4)	0.0001	−20.0 (−23.6, −16.3)	0.005
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)	−9.7 (−11.7, −7.7)	0.0001	−14.1 (−15.6, −12.6)	0.005
Normalized peripheral AI (%)
Healthy subjects ( = 142)	−46.8 (−51.8, −41.9)	0.0001	−31.5 (−36.3, −26.6)	0.015
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)	−21.3 (−23.6, −19.1)	0.0001	−24.6 (−26.6, −22.6)	0.015
Aortic AI (%)
Healthy subjects ( = 142)	11.0 (8.5, 13.5)	0.0001	23.4 (21.3, 25.6)	0.252
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)	24.7 (23.5, 25.8)	0.0001	22.0 (21.2, 22.9)	0.252
Normalized aortic AI (%)
Healthy subjects ( = 142)	8.6 (5.5, 11.6)	0.0001	19.7 (16.7, 22.7)	0.742
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)	21.5 (20.1, 22.9)	0.0001	19.1 (17.9, 20.3)	0.742
AASI
Healthy subjects ( = 142)	0.27 (0.24, 0.29)	0.0001	0.38 (0.35, 0.41)	0.172
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)	0.42 (0.41, 0.44)	0.0001	0.40 (0.39, 0.41)	0.172

SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; RWTT: reflected wave transit time; PWV: pulse wave velocity; AI: augmentation index; AASI: ambulatory arterial stiffness index.
Data are shown as averages and 95% confidence intervals. The values indicate the level of the statistical significance of the difference between the two study groups.