| | Variable | Male | Female |
| | | Age-adjusted (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | Age-adjusted (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) |
| | Sociodemographics | | | | |
| | Education | | | | | | High school or Higher education | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | | None or elementary | 1.13 (1.03, 1.25) | 1.15 (1.02, 1.28) | 1.34 (1.22, 1.47) | 1.39 (1.25, 1.54) |
| | Subjective economic background | | | | | | Poor | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | | Medium | 1.06 (0.95, 1.18) | 0.94 (0.84, 1.05) | 0.87 (0.78, 0.97) | 0.89 (0.79, 0.99) | | Rich | 1.18 (1.04, 1.34) | 0.98 (0.85, 1.12) | 0.82 (0.73, 0.93) | 0.85 (0.75, 0.96) | | P for trend | 0.011 | 0.842 | 0.002 | 0.015 |
| | Residence | | | | | | Rural | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | | Urban | 1.17 (1.07, 1.28) | 1.02 (0.92, 1.12) | 1.07 (0.98, 1.16) | 1.08 (0.98, 1.18) |
| | Region | | | | | | Sumatra | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | | Java | 0.97 (0.88, 1.08) | 0.96 (0.86, 1.07) | 1.04 (0.94, 1.15) | 0.98 (0.88, 1.10) | | Main islands | 1.06 (0.94, 1.20) | 1.03 (0.90, 1.17) | 1.06 (0.94, 1.20) | 1.11 (0.97, 1.26) |
| | Body weight status and health behaviour | | | | |
| | Body Mass Index (BMI) | | | | | | Underweight | 0.66 (0.56, 0.78) | 0.63 (0.53, 0.74) | 0.72 (0.60, 0.86) | 0.69 (0.57, 0.84) | | Normal | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | | Overweight | 1.93 (1.70, 2.20) | 1.99 (1.74, 2.26) | 1.29 (1.13, 1.48) | 1.32 (1.15, 1.51) | | Obese | 3.01 (2.70, 3.36) | 3.02 (2.69, 3.39) | 2.18 (1.96, 2.43) | 2.24 (2.01, 2.50) | | P for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| | Vegetable consumption less than daily (base=daily) | 0.92 (0.84, 1.01) | 0.94 (0.86, 1.04) | 1.07 (0.98, 1.16) | 1.03 (0.93, 1.12) |
| | Fruit consumption <trice/week (base=trice or more) | 0.90 (0.82, 0.99) | 0.99 (0.90, 1.09) | 1.02 (0.93, 1.11) | 1.04 (0.94, 1.14) |
| | Fast food (once or more/week) (base= <once) | 1.12 (0.96, 1.31) | 0.96 (0.81, 1.14) | 0.99 (0.85, 1.14) | 1.00 (0.86, 1.17) |
| | Fried snacks (4-7 times/week) (base=0-3 times) | 1.06 (0.96, 1.18) | 1.04 (0.93, 1.15) | 1.12 (1.02, 1.24) | 1.10 (0.99, 1.21) |
| | Soft drinks (once or more/week) (base= <once) | 1.12 (1.00, 1.25) | 1.05 (0.94, 1.18) | 0.97 (0.84, 1.11) | 0.97 (0.84, 1.12) |
| | Physical activity | | | | | | Low | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | | Moderate | 1.18 (1.05, 1.32) | 1.20 (1.07, 1.40) | 1.02 (0.92, 1.13) | 1.01 (0.91, 1.11) | | High | 0.86 (0.78, 0.96) | 0.95 (0.85, 1.06) | 1.00 (0.89, 1.12) | 1.00 (0.88, 1.12) | | P for trend | 0.011 | 0.487 | 0.945 | 0.951 |
| | Tobacco use | | | | | | Never | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | | Quit | 1.22 (1.04, 1.43) | 1.19 (1.00, 1.40) | 1.43 (0.94, 2.16) | 1.56 (0.98, 2.48) | | Current | 0.74 (0.66, 0.82) | 0.88 (0.79, 0.99) | 0.92 (0.73, 1.17) | 1.00 (0.78, 1.29) |
| | Health care utilization | 1.25 (1.11, 1.41) | 1.16 (1.02, 1.32) | 1.23 (1.12, 1.36) | 1.22 (1.10, 1.35) |
| | Psychosocial stress and support | | | | |
| | Depression symptoms | 1.12 (1.01, 1.24) | 1.17 (1.04, 1.31) | 1.12 (1.01, 1.24) | 1.09 (0.98, 1.21) |
| | Life satisfaction (high) (base=low) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.06) | 0.91 (0.83, 1.01) | 0.97 (0.89, 1.06) | 0.97 (0.89, 1.06) |
| | Social support/capital (high) (base=low) | 0.97 (0.88, 1.06) | 0.95 (0.87, 1.05) | 0.92 (0.83, 1.01) | 0.93 (0.83, 1.02) |
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