Research Article
Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension and Its Risk Factors in (Central) Vietnam
Table 1
Characteristics of the study population aged 40–69 years by gender.
| | Characteristics [mean (SD) or (%)] | Men | Women | Total |
| | Age (in years) | 56.2 (8.9) | 55.0 (8.7) | 55.5 (8.8) | | BMI (kg/m2) | 21.6 (3.0) | 22.3 (3.2) | 22.0 (3.1) | | Hip waist ratio | 0.88 (0.06) | 0.89 (0.07) | 0.89 (0.07) | | Blood pressure | | | | | Systolic (mmHg) | 135.0 (22.8) | 125.3 (20.6) | 129.6 (22.0) | | 40–49 | 128.6 (19.5) | 118.1 (17.3) | 122.7 (19.0) | | 50–59 | 134.5 (23.1) | 125.3 (22.1) | 128.8 (22.9) | | 60–69 | 139.2 (23.5) | 131.1 (19.5) | 135.2 (21.9) | | Diastolic (mmHg) | 85.6 (13.9) | 79.0 (12.3) | 81.9 (13.4) | | 40–49 | 84.5 (14.8) | 77.1 (10.6) | 80.3 (13.1) | | 50–59 | 87.4 (14.5) | 80.5 (14.0) | 83.1 (14.5) | | 60–69 | 85.1 (12.9) | 78.8 (11.1) | 82 (12.4) | | Age groups | | | | | 40–49 | 111 (26.1) | 146 (26.8) | 257 (26.5) | | 50–59 | 131 (30.8) | 215 (39.5) | 346 (35.7) | | 60–69 | 183 (43.1) | 183 (33.6) | 366 (37.8) | | Marital status | | | | | Married | 408 (96.0) | 435 (80.0) | 843 (87.0) | | Unmarried, Widow(er) | 17 (4.0) | 109 (20.0) | 126 (13.0) | | Residence | | | | | Urban | 139 (32.7) | 191 (35.1) | 330 (34.1) | | Rural | 286 (67.3) | 353 (64.9) | 639 (65.9) | | Ethnicity | | | | | Ethnic majority (Kinh) | 301 (70.8) | 385 (70.8) | 686 (70.8) | | Ethnic minorities | 124 (29.2) | 159 (29.2) | 283 (29.2) | | Educational level | | | | | Primary school or under | 193 (45.4) | 385 (70.8) | 578 (59.6) | | Middle or high school | 201 (47.3) | 141 (25.9) | 342 (35.3) | | College or university | 31 (7.3) | 18 (3.3) | 49 (5.1) | | Occupation | | | | | Manual workers | 217 (51.1) | 217 (39.9) | 434 (44.8) | | Government staff | 107 (25.2) | 55 (10.1) | 162 (16.7) | | Other occupations | 101 (23.8) | 272 (50.0) | 373 (38.5) | | Current smoking status | | | | | Yes | 225 (52.9) | 95 (17.5) | 320 (33.0) | | No | 200 (57.1) | 449 (82.5) | 649 (67.0) | | Excessive alcohol consumption | | | | | Yes | 69 (16.2) | 5 (0.9) | 74 (7.6) | | No | 356 (83.8) | 539 (99.1) | 895 (92.4) | | Physical activity level | | | | | Low | 44 (10.4) | 64 (11.8) | 108 (11.1) | | Moderate | 73 (17.2) | 85 (15.6) | 158 (16.3) | | High | 308 (72.5) | 398 (72.6) | 703 (72.6) | | Body mass index | | | | | Underweight | 68 (16.0) | 56 (10.3) | 124 (12.7) | | Normal weight | 219 (51.5) | 272 (50.0) | 491 (50.7) | | Overweight, obesity | 138 (32.5) | 216 (39.7) | 354 (36.5) | | Abdominal obesity | | | | | Yes | 164 (38.6) | 384 (70.6) | 548 (56.6) | | No | 261 (61.4) | 160 (29.4) | 421 (43.3) | | Blood glucose | | | | | Diabetes | 23 (5.4) | 25 (4.6) | 48 (5.0) | | Prediabetes | 43 (10.1) | 39 (7.2) | 82 (8.5) | | No | 359 (84,5) | 480 (88.2) | 839 (86.5) |
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BMI: body mass index, SD: standard deviation.
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