International Journal of Hypertension

Research Article

Tracking of Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents in Germany in the Context of Risk Factors for Hypertension

Table 1

Characteristics of the 2542 study participants (1269 males and 1273 females) at baseline (2003-2006) and at follow-up (2009-2012).
 MalesFemales
Characteristics
Age range (years)		Baseline (t0)
(3-17)		Follow-up (t1)
(9-24)		p-valueBaseline (t0)
(3-17)		Follow-up (t1)
(9-24)		p-value
Mean age8.5
(8.3-8.7)		14.7
(14.5-14.9)		0.0008.5
(8.3-8.7)		14.8
(14.6-15.0)		0.000
SBP (mmHg)102.8
(102.2-103.4)		117.6
(116.8-118.5)		0.000102.8
(102.3-103.4)		114.7
(114.0-115.4)		0.000
DBP (mmHg)62.1
(61.7-62.5)		66.2
(65.7-66.7)		0.00162.7
(62.3-63.1)		66.0
(65.5-66.5)		0.001
Hypertensive BP8.5%
(7.1-10.2)		15.7%
(13.8-17.8)		0.0018.6%
(7.2-10.3)		14.0%
(12.2-16.0)		0.000
BMI (kg/m2)17.1
(16.9-17.2)		20.7
(20.4-20.9)		0.00017.1
(17.0-17.3)		20.5
(20.3-20.8)		0.000
 Underweight9.8%
(8.3-11.6)		6.1%
(4.9-7.5)		0.00111.3%
(9.7-13.2)		9.4%
(7.9-11.1)		0.104
 Normal-weight78.9%
(76.6-81.1)		72.5%
(70.0-74.9)		0.00074.0%
(71.6-76.4)		72.6%
(70.0-75.0)		0.372
 Overweight9.1%
(7.6-10.8)		16.3%
(14.4-18.5)		0.00012.2%
(10.5-14.1)		13.8%
(12.0-15.8)		0.238
 Obese2.2%
(1.5-3.2)		5.1%
(4.0-6.5)		0.0002.4%
(1.7-3.4)		4.3%
(3.3-5.5)		0.011
Sports activities (3 or more times/week) (3-10 years)43.2%
(40.1-46.4)		--35.5%
(32.4-38.6)		--
Sports activities (h/week) 
  (11-17 years)		7.6
(6.5-8.8)		--5.2
(4.7-5.7)		--
Parental hypertension-28.1%
(25.7-30.8)		--30.3%
(27.7-32.9)		-
Low birthweight
(<2500 g)		5.0%
(3.9-6.4)		--6.3%
(5.1-7.8)		--
mean (95% CI).
SBP or DBP at or above the 95th age-, sex-, and height-specific percentile for children and adolescents under 18 years, or BP ≥140/90 mmHg irrespective of the percentile. For young adults aged 18 years or older, the absolute cutoffs for hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg) were applied.