Anxiety and Depression among Hypertensive Outpatients in Afghanistan: A Cross-Sectional Study in Andkhoy City

Table 2

Association between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with depression, anxiety, and comorbid anxiety-depression among hypertensive participants.

	Depression		Anxiety		Comorbid depression-anxiety
	n=136	P value	n=99	P value	n=66	P value
Age, mean, years mean (SD)	63.8±15.0	0.915	54.6±12.7	0.019	55.7±15.3	0.04
Gender		0.099		<0.001		0.573
Male,%	83 (61.0%)		79 (79.8%)		45 (68.2%)
Female, %	53 (39.0%)		20 (20.2%)		21 (31.8%)
Marital status		0.395		0.003		0.005
Married	119 (87.5%)		76 (76.8%)		49 (74.2%)
Single	11 (8.1%)		17 (17.2%)		13 (19.6%)
Others	6 (4.4%)		6 (6.0%)		4 (6.1%)
Age (in years)		<0.001		0.001		0.019
≤39	12 (8.8%)		18 (18.2%)		13 (19.6%)
40-69	36 (26.5%)		36 (36.4%)		23 (34.8%)
>60	88 (64.7%)		45 (45.4%)		30 (45.4%)
Level of education		0.193		0.414		0.026
Illiterate	85 (62.5%)		58 (58.6%)		33 (50.0%)
Primary/private education	8 (5.9%)		6 (6.0%)		5 (7.6%)
Secondary	27 (19.8%)		17 (17.2%)		18 (27.3%)
High school/higher	16 (11.8%)		18 (18.2%)		10 (15.1%)
Occupation		0.086		<0.001		0.075
Employed	30 (22.1%)		12 (12.1%)		9 (13.6%)
Unemployed	54 (39.7%)		53 (53.5%)		33 (50.0%)
Housewife	27 (19.8%)		25 (25.2%)		15 (22.7%)
Others	25 (18.4%)		9 (9.1%)		9 (13.6%)
Body mass index, mean (SD)	24.5±4.4	0.838	23.3±4.24	0.016	23.7±4.4	0.545
Diabetes mellitus	61 (44.8%)	<0.001	40 (40.4%)	0.006	37 (56.1%)	<0.001
Smoking		0.128		<0.001		0.055
Yes	49 (36.0%)		53 (53.5%)		33 (50.0%)
No	87 (64.0%)		46 (46.5%)		33 (50.0%)
Left ventricular hypertrophy	80 (58.8%)	0.236	45 (45.4%)	0.008	28 (42.4%)	0.011
Heart failure	22 (16.2%)	0.070	11 (11.1%)	0.503	8 (12.1%)	0.841
Stroke	11 (8.1%)	0.016	3 (3.0%)	0.213	3 (4.5%)	0.800
Myocardial infarction	34 (25.0%)	0.004	13 (13.1%)	0.057	12 (18.2%)	0.879