S-Amlodipine: An Isomer with Difference—Time to Shift from Racemic Amlodipine

Table 2

Observational studies of S-amlodipine in hypertension.

Author (year)	Country	S-AM; (mg)	Comparator; (mg)		Duration; (weeks)	Antihypertensive efficacy	AEs
SESA (2003) [21]	India	2.5–5	-	1859; 2.5: 1514; 5: 345	4	2.5 mg: 161/100 to 129/84; 5 mg: 179/107 to 137/86; for both	Rate: 1.61%; Edema: 0.75%
SESA-II (2005) [22]	India	2.5–5	-	2230	4	SBP: −26.65; DBP: −13.30; HR: −3.51	Reduction in pedal edema: 93% cases, RRR: 95.4%
SESA-IV (2007) [23]	India	2.5–5	-	1076	4	SBP: −24.27; DBP: −13.28; HR: −4.87	Edema: 1.77%
SESA-IVA (2007) [24]	India	2.5–5	-	30	4	2.5 mg: 150.48/92.28 to 128.57/80.86; 5 mg: 165.78/95.55 to 132/82.22; for both	None
Bobroff et al. (2007) [57]	Ukraine	2.5–10	Amlo (5–10)	60/38	12	SBP: −30.7 versus −29.2; DBP: −13.7 versus −14.0; Target of <140/90: 83.3% versus 84.2%; In both groups, significant reduction in; Average daily BP; Daytime BP; Nighttime BP	Peripheral edema; 1.6% versus 7.8%
Basu (2007) [58]	India	5	Amlo (10)	10/10	4	SBP: 154.4 to 1304 versus 157.6 to 132.4; DBP: 99.1 to 77.5 versus 87.2 to 78.4; Equal efficacy in; Daytime MAP; Nighttime MAP	None
Sierkova et al.(2009) [59]	Ukraine	NA	Amlo	31/32	NA	Equal BP reduction with 2 times lower dose of S-AM	Lesser with S-AM
Koval et al. (2013) [18]	Russia	NA	Lercani	NA	NA	Similar efficacy in reducing BP in HTN with obesity	Lower with lercani
Mohanty et al. (2016) [25]	India	2.5–5	Amlo (5–10); and; CLD (10–20)	60/60/60	12	NR	Incidence of Edema; M: 6.7% vs 36.7% and 0.0%; F: 10.0% vs 43.3% and 3.3%

AEs: adverse effects, Amlo: racemic amlodipine, BP: blood pressure, CLD: cilnidipine, DBP: diastolic BP, F: females, HR: heart rate, HTN: hypertension, Lercani: lercanidipine, M: males, MAP: mean arterial pressure, NA: not available, RRR: relative risk reduction, S-AM: S-amlodipine, SESA: safety and efficacy of S-Amlodipine, and SBP: systolic BP.