Arterial Hypertension and Interleukins: Potential Therapeutic Target or Future Diagnostic Marker?

Table 2

Anti-inflammatory effects of cardiovascular drugs.

Effects on inflammatory cytokines Antihypertensive mechanisms Proposed References
Statins	IL-1	NF-B inhibition; AT1R; downregulation; HMC CoA inhibition; (G protein coupled; signalling inhibition); PPAR- inhibition; Upregulates NO; synthase	[162, 164, 166, 167, 174]
	IL-6
	MCP-1
	ICAM-1
	MMP-2
	MMP-9
	hs-CRP
	PAI-1
	NO
ARBs/ACEIs	IL-1	NF-B inhibition; AT1R; downregulation; Decreased ACE; synthesis	[8, 56, 164]
	IL-6
	TGF- (losartan)
	NO (AT2R)
Calcium channel blockers	MMP-2	Protein kinase pathway (MMP-2)	[174, 176]
	MMP-9
	IL-1
	IL-18
	CRP
	MCP-1
	ICAM-1

IL: interleukin; MCP: macrophage chemotactic factor-1; ICAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule-1; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; NO: nitric oxide; ARBs: angiotensinogen receptor blockers; ACEIs: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; NF-B: nuclear factor B; AT1R: angiotensinogen type 1 receptor; HMC CoA: hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A; hs-CRP: high sensitivity C reactive protein.