Impact of Serum Uric Acid Levels on Outcomes following Renal Artery Revascularization in Patients with Renovascular Disease

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of 94 patients with ARVD stratified by SUA level before and after PTRA.

Variables	Normal	Moderate-high	Very High
N, number ()	14 (15)	58 (62)	22 (23)
PTRA follow-up (years)	0.22 (0.003-1.8)	0.22 (0.005-2.6)	0.44 (0.008-2.9)
Survival follow-up (years)	4.5 (0.45-8.4)	7.2 (0.70-8.5)	4.0 (0.72-7.3)
Age (years)	78 (58-91)	75 (51-87)	75 (67-91)
Sex female/male	10/4	31/27	11/11
BMI (kg/m^2)	28 (20-40)	28 (21-48)	32 (23-39)
Race (white/other/unknown)	13/1/0	55/0/2	21/0/1
Uric acid, mg/dl	5 (4-5)	7 (6-8)	10 (9-13)
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	192 (109-223)	169.5 (93-382)	149 (88-329)
LDL (mg/dl)	96.5 (42-133)	93 (45-225)	78 (42-198) ^†
HDL (mg/dl)	51.5 (24-103)	49 (26-83)	45 (28-80)
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	126.5 (55-222)	143.5 (52-494)	150.5 (48-335)
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus, n ()	2 (14)	14 (24)	7 (32)
Coronary artery disease, n ()	5 (36)	34 (59)	14 (63)
Cerebrovascular disease, n ()	6 (43)	30 (52)	12 (55)
Peripheral artery disease, n ()	6 (43)	21 (36)	5 (23)
Recent myocardial infarction/stroke, n ()	0 (0)	4 (7)	3 (14)
Hospitalization for pulmonary edema, n ()	2 (14)	6 (10)	2 (9)
Coronary artery bypass grafting, n ()	3 (21)	23 (72)	6 (27)
Atrial fibrillation, n ()	4 (29)	17 (29)	7 (32)
Sleep apnea, n ()	5 (36)	16 (28)	8 (36)
Smoking status
Current smoker, n ()	1 (7)	3 (5%)	2 (9%)
Nonsmoker, n ()	13 (93)	55 (95%)	20 (90%)
Arterial hypertension (mmHg):
SBP at baseline	138 ± 22	149 ± 24	153 ± 17
SBP at follow-up	140 ± 16	143 ± 18	142 ± 15^‡
change of SBP	-1 ± 18	-5 ± 25	-11 ± 16
DBP at baseline	72 ± 10	75 ± 14	73 ± 12
DBP at follow-up	65 ± 9^‡	68 ± 12^‡	62 ± 12^‡
change of DBP	-7 ± 8	-6 ± 15	-10 ± 13
Antihypertensive drugs at baseline (number)	2 (1-5)	4 (1-7)	3.5 (2-6)
ACE inhibitor or ARB at baseline, n ()	9 (64)	43 (74)	16 (73)
Diuretics, n ()	7 (50)	46 (79)	19 (86)
-blocker, n ()	10 (71)	49 (84)	15 (68)
-blocker, n ()	1 (7)	5 (9)	4 (18)
Calcium channel blocker, n ()	6 (43)	26 (45)	12 (55)
Statins	17 (77)	43 (74)	10 (71)
Renal function
Baseline eGFR, ml/min/1.73m^2	52.9 ± 10.9	48.0 ± 15.9	41.2 ± 15.8^†
Follow-up eGFR, ml/min/1.73m^2	51.9 ± 14.4	47.2 ± 17.8	35.0 ± 15.7^†‡
change of eGFR, ml/min/1.73m^2	1.2 ± 15.7	-0.8 ± 10.9	-6.3 ± 11.4^†
Proteinuria/creatinine^§
Baseline	1150 (327-11692)	1081 (320-7043)	1606 (320-7044)
Follow-up	861 (455-8219)	1018 (191-7600)	1211 (207-13239)
change	-245 (-3473-+2477)	-33 (-7354-+4492)	-180 (-4562-+9215)
Bilateral RAS, n ()	3 (27)	13 (25)	6 (29)
Ultrasound-Doppler peak systolic velocity	319 ± 32	320 ± 24	315 ± 29
Grading of stenosis as per CT/MRA^||
Moderate, n ()	4 (31.8)	12 (23)	3 (14.3)
High grade, n ()	8 (61.5)	33 (63.5)	15 (71.4)
Severe, n ()	1 (7.7)	7 (13.5)	3 (14.3)
Echocardiographic parameters
Ejection fraction ()	67 ± 8	65 ± 6	63 ± 6
Cardiac index (l/min/m^2)	2.8 (1.9-4.6)	2.8 (2.0-4.6)	3.0 (2.3-4.5)
E/E’ ratio^||	11.4 (6.7-25)	15 (1-46.7)	17.5 (10-27.5)
LV mass index (g/m^2)	86.5 (74-123)	103 (57-190)	113 (57-237)^†

ARVD, atherosclerotic renovascular disease; PTRA, percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty; SUA, serum uric acid; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; CAD, coronary artery disease; ACEI, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; RAS, renal artery stenosis; CT, computed tomography; MRA, magnetic resonance angiogram; E, peak mitral inflow velocity; E’, medial mitral annulus peak diastolic velocity; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LV, left ventricular.
Follow-up duration for revascularization studies. Follow-up duration for survival analysis.
Data are presented as median (range), N (%), or mean ± SD, as appropriate.
p<0.05 versus patients with normal SUA. †p<0.05 versus patients with moderate-high SUA. ‡ p<0.05 versus baseline.
^§n=10 patients with normal SUA, 42 with moderate-high SUA, and 17 with very high SUA. ^||n=13 patients with normal SUA, 52 with moderate-high SUA, and21 with very high SUA.