| Characteristics | Model-I | Model-II | Model-III | Final model |
| Sex | | | | | Male | 1.18 (0.82, 1.74) | - | - | 1.39(0.88, 2.20) | female | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 |
| Age | | | | | 25-29 | 1.00 | | | 1.00 | 30-44 | | - | - | 3.91(2.12, 7.24) | 45-54 | | - | - | 6.67(3.29, 13.49) | 55-64 | | - | - | 10.64(5.35, 20.80) |
| Education | | | | | Degree+ | 1.54(0.73, 3.29) | - | - | 1.52(0.70, 3.31) | Secondary | 1.31(0.74, 2.31) | - | - | 1.21(0.67, 2.17) | Primary | 0.79(0.47, 1.31) | - | - | 0.76(0.45, 1.29) | No education | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 |
| Marital status | | | | | Married | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | Never married | 1.07(0.65, 1.76) | - | - | 1.14(0.68, 1.90) | Divorced | 0.90(0.50, 1.62) | - | - | 0.92(0.50, 1.70) | Widowed | 0.49(0.23, 1.05) | - | - | 0.48(0.22, 1.05) |
| Ethnicity | | | | | Oromo | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | Amhara | 0.98(0.66, 1.45) | - | - | 0.97(0.64, 1.46) | | 1.19(0.73, 1.97) | - | - | 1.14(0.67, 1.93) |
| Occupation | | | | | Office worker | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | Unemployed | 1.65(1.03, 2.66) | - | - | 1.68(1.03, 2.77) | Merchant | 1.52(0.88, 2.61) | - | - | 1.48(0.85, 2.58) | | 1.09(0.59, 1.99) | - | - | 0.99(0.53, 1.86) |
| Smoking tobacco | | | | | Yes | - | 1.58(0.94, 2.67) | - | 1.89(1.04, 3.45) | No | - | 1.00 | - | 1.00 |
| Current alcohol use | | | | | Yes | - | 1.37(0.93, 2.02) | - | 1.41(0.89, 2.23) | No | - | 1.00 | - | 1.00 |
| Fruit consumption/wk | | | | | 2 or fewer days | - | 1.04(.064, 1.71) | - | 1.16(0.66, 2.04) | 3-4 days | - | 0.95(0.57, 1.60) | - | 1.02(0.56, 1.85) | 5 or more days | - | 1.00 | - | 1.00 |
| Vegetables consumption | | | | | 2 or fewer days | - | 1.07(0.65, 1.77) | - | 1.03(0.59, 1.79) | 3-4 days | - | 1.02(0.63, 1.66) | - | 1.04(0.63, 1.74) | 5 or more days | - | 1.00 | - | 1.00 |
| Physical activity | | | | | Active | - | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | Inactive | - | 1.29(0.94, 1.78) | - | 1.11(0.78, 1.59) |
| Abdominal obesity | | | | | Yes | - | - | 1.68(1.20, 2.36) | 1.72(1.13, 2.64) | No | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | | | | | 18.5-24.9 | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00 | <18.5 | - | - | 0.69(0.33, 1.47) | 0.67(0.30, 1.50) | ≥25 | - | - | 1.53(1.08, 2.17) | 1.48(1.01, 2.15) |
| Diabetes | | | | | Yes | - | - | 1.51(0.95, 2.40) | 1.22(0.73, 2.03) | No | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00 |
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1.00: reference category; : P<0.05, : P<0.000; : including Somali (n=28), Harari (n=10), Gurage (n=55), Tigre (n=39), Wolayta (n=8), Silte (=15), and Afar(n=3); : including housewife (n=36), pensioner (n=30), janitor (n=13), and daily laborer (n=30). |