International Journal of Hypertension

Research Article

Blood Pressure Variability Is Associated with Hearing and Hearing Loss: A Population-Based Study in Males

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of participants in different BPV groups.


	Quartile 1 (SSD<6.4)	Quartile 2 (6.4≤SSD<9.1)	Quartile 3 (9.1≤SSD<12.3)	Quartile 4 (SSD≥12.3)	p for trend
	(n=2165)	(n=2156)	(n=2166)	(n=2159)	p for trend

Age, year	45.2±8.6	46.6±8.	47.0±8.	47.9±8.	<0.001

SBP (mmHg)	126±11	129±1	131±1	137±2	<0.001

DBP (mmHg)	81±9	82±	83±1	86±1	<0.001

Mean of times (BP)	4.3±0.8	4.5±0.	4.5±0.	4.4±0.	<0.001

SSD (mmHg)	5±1	8±	11±	16±	<0.001

DSD (mmHg)	5±3	6±	7±	9±	<0.001

SCV	3.8±1.0	6.3±0.	8.5±0.	12.6±2.	<0.001

DCV	6.6±3.1	7.2±3.	8.2±3.	10.7±4.	<0.001

	4.9±1.5	8.0±1.	10.8±1.	15.7±3.	<0.001

	5.5±2.7	6.0±2.	6.9±2.	8.9±3.	<0.001

BMI (kg/m²)	25.2±3.2	25.3±3.2	25.2±3.3	25.0±3.3	0.034

FBG (mmol/L)	5.5±1.5	5.6±1.5	5.6±1.	5.7±1.	<0.001

TC (mmol/L)	4.8±1.4	5.0±1.	5.0±1.	5.0±1.	<0.001

Occupational noise exposure, n (%)	560 (25.9)	502 (23.6)	522 (24.3)	493 (23.1)	0.066

Cigarette smoking, n (%)	1094 (60.2)	1157 (62.9)	1138 (61.3)	1144 (62.6)	0.272

Alcohol consumption, n (%)	217 (10.7)	240 (11.7)	221 (10.7)	270 (13.2)	0.037

Physical exercise, n (%)	170 (8.4)	160 (7.8)	164 (8.0)	129 (6.3)	0.022

Hypertension, n (%)	521 (23.9)	747 (34.9)	878 (40.6)	1345 (62.1)	<0.001

Antihypertensive drug usage, n (%)	57 (2.6)	73 (3.4)	112 (5.2)	240 (11.1)	<0.001

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	140 (6.6)	159 (7.5)	182 (8.6)	268 (12.6)	<0.001

Dyslipidemia, n (%)	1524 (70.0)	1549 (72.3)	1588 (73.6)	1651 (76.2)	<0.001

SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; mean of times (BP), mean times of blood pressure measurement; SSD, standard deviation of systolic blood pressure; DSD, standard deviation of diastolic blood pressure; SCV, coefficient of the variation of systolic blood pressure; DCV, coefficient of the variation of diastolic blood pressure; , systolic blood pressure variation independent of mean; , diastolic blood pressure variation independent of mean; FBG, fasting blood glucose; BMI, body mass index; TC, total cholesterol; a, p<0.05 compared with quartile 1; b, p<0.05 compared with quartile 2; c, p<0.05 compared with quartile 3.