Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension among Young and Middle-Aged Adults: Results from a Community-Based Survey in Rural Tanzania

Table 4

Crude and multivariate adjusted logistic regression models for determinants of awareness of hypertension status among hypertensive individuals (N = 880).


Variable	Crude odds ratio, COR (95% CI)	value	Adjusted odds ratio, AOR (95% CI)	value

Age (years)
25–34	Ref		Ref
35–44	0.97 (0.62–1.54)		0.92 (0.57–1.51)
45–54	1.45 (0.93–2.67)	0.016	1.68 (1.04–2.74)	<0.001
55–64	1.67 (1.05–2.64)		2.05 (1.24–3.39)

Gender
Male	Ref		Ref
Female	2.39 (1.69–3.38)	<0.001	2.47 (1.67–3.66)	<0.001

Wealth status
Poorest	Ref		Ref
Poor	0.62 (0.38–1.01)		0.59 (0.35–1.00)
Middle	0.79 (0.51–1.24)	0.001	0.68 (0.42–1.10)	0.003
Rich	112 (0.74–1.69)		0.94 (0.59–1.48)
Richest	1.61 (1.07–2.43)		1.48 (0.94–2.32)

Marital status
Never married	Ref
Married	1.25 (0.77–2.01)	0.375	—	—
Separated/divorced/widowed	148 (0.85–2.53)

Education level
No formal education	Ref
Primary education	1.16 (0.74–1.81)
Secondary education	1.28 (0.63–2.59)	0.292	—	—
College/university	0.18 (0.02–1.44)

Place of residence
Kilombero district	Ref		Ref
Ulanga district	0.71 (0.53–0.93)	0.015	0.80 (0.59–1.09)	0.156

Occupation
Farmer	Ref
Housewife	1.03 (0.38–2.83)
Employed	1.14 (0.27–4.80)	0.519	—	—
Business	0.42 (0.14–1.26)
Others	1.63 (0.54–4.89)

Current smoking status
No	Ref		Ref
Yes	0.63 (0.35–1.13)	0.124	1.51 (0.76–2.97)	0.238

Current alcohol drinking status
No	Ref		Ref
Yes	0.49 (0.34–0.71)	<0.001	0.49 (0.32–0.74)	0.001

Use of raw table salt
No	Ref		Ref
Yes	2.61 (1.44–4.73)	0.002	3.20 (1.69–6.06)	<0.001

Fruits consumption/week
5–7 days	Ref
1–4 days	1.07 (0.57–1.98)	0.825	—	—
Never	1.15 (0.66–2.01)

Consumption of vegetables/week
5–7 days	Ref		Ref
1–4 days	0.31 (0.07–1.37)	0.138	0.35 (0.07–1.64)	0.140
Never	1.19 (0.89–1.60)		1.26 (0.91–1.75)

History of diabetes
No	Ref		Ref
Yes	0.08 (0.02–0.34)	0.001	12.58 (2.61–60.55)	0.002

Body mass index (BMI (kg/m²))
Normal	Ref		Ref
Overweight	1.50 (1.07–2.09)	<0.001	1.51 (1.05–2.16)	0.025
Obese	2.27 (1.59–3.23)		2.24 (1.44–3.17)
Underweight	1.34 (0.39–4.54)		2.14 (0.60–7.60)

International Journal of Hypertension

Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension among Young and Middle-Aged Adults: Results from a Community-Based Survey in Rural Tanzania

Table 4