The Role of Lifestyle Factors in Controlling Blood Pressure among Hypertensive Patients in Two Health Facilities in Urban Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 3
Models used in assessing the effect of lifestyle factors on blood pressure control among urban adults.
Model 1: adjusted effect of lifestyle factors on blood pressure control without controlling for demographic factors
Model 2: adjusted effect of lifestyle factors on blood pressure control when controlling for demographic factors
AOR
95% CI
value
AOR
95% CI
value
Time since diagnosis
1 year
1.00
1.00
2–5 years
0.17
0.04–0.67
0.012
0.08
0.01–0.47
0.005
6–10 years
0.14
0.03–0.56
0.006
0.08
0.01–0.5
0.006
>10 years
0.42
0.11–1.63
0.212
0.25
0.04–1.58
0.139
History of smoking
Yes
1.00
1.00
No
1.95
0.34–11.1
0.451
3.09
0.38–25.5
0.294
Units of alcohol per week
0.47
0.25–0.9
0.023
0.61
0.31–1.21
0.158
Activity
No activity
1.00
1.00
30 mins–1 hour
4.67
2.06–10.58
<0.001
5.64
2.08–15.32
0.001
≥1 hour
7.91
1.87–33.45
0.005
11.38
2.01–64.47
0.006
Major component in diet
Starchy: yes
0.18
0.05–0.73
0.017
0.14
0.03–0.79
0.025
Meat and fat: yes
0.13
0.03–0.66
0.014
0.13
0.02–0.7
0.017
Fruit and vegetables: yes
2.18
0.89–5.38
0.089
2.54
0.9–7.2
0.080
Model performance indices
AUROC (95% CI)
87.72% (82.39–93.06)
91.31% (87.47–95.16)
AIC
202.57
194.92
AOR: adjusted odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, ref: reference category, ∗,∗∗∗, and ∗∗∗. Demographic factors controlled: age, sex, education, knowledge, comorbidity, and number of pills taken. AUROC: area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve. AIC: Akaike’s information criterion.
