The Effects of Different Classes of Antihypertensive Drugs on Patients with COVID-19 and Hypertension: A Mini-Review

Table 1

Studies that showed neutral effects of ACEIs/ARBs on COVID-19 in hypertensive patients.

Study	Country	Drug group	Number of cases	Findings
Gao et al. [57]	China	RAAS inhibitors group	183	No harm
		Non-RAAS inhibitors group	527
Ran et al. [58]	China	ARBs group	100	No increase in the risk of adverse events
		Other antihypertensive drugs	813
Mustafic et al. [59]	France	Hypertensive patients with ACEIs or ARBs use	946	No difference in outcome
		Hypertensive patients without ACEI/ARB use	2035
Haroon et al. [60]	UK	RAAS inhibitor group	29518	No association with all-cause mortality
		CCBs group	18895
Li et al. [63]	China	Total patients with hypertension	362	No association with the severity or mortality
		ACEI/ARBs group	115
Liu et al. [64]	China	ACEIs/ARBs group	74	No influence on increasing the severe form of COVID-19 infection
		CCBs group	83
Hu et al. [61]	China	ACEIs/ARBs group	65	No influence on the severity and clinical outcome
		Non-ACEIs/ARBs group	84
Wang et al. [65]	China	Hypertensive patients taking ACEIs/ARBs	315	No increased risk of developing severe COVID-19
		Nonhypertensive patients	308
Kim et al. [62]	Korea	ACEIs/ARBs group	331	No association with COVID-19 severity
		Non-ACEIs/ARBs group	1580
Sardu et al. [66]	Italy	ACEIs/ARBs group	45	No influence on the prognosis
		CCBs group	17
Khera et al. [67]	USA	Hypertensive patients with the use of at least one antihypertensive drug	2263	No association with the risk of hospitalization or mortality
An et al. [68]	USA	ACEIs/ARBs group	8351	No increased likelihood of COVID-19 infection
		Other groups	8547