The Interstitial Lymphatic Peritoneal Mesothelium Axis in Portal Hypertensive Ascites: When in Danger, Go Back to the Sea

Table 2

Characteristics of progressive portal hypertensive syndrome.

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(i) Increased:

 (a) Hyperdynamic blood circulation

 (b) Hypoxia

 (c) Sodium and water retention

 (d) Lymph formation

 (e) Hyperdynamic lymphatic circulation

(ii) Lymph leakage into peritoneal cavity

(iii) Ascites

(iv) Refractory ascites

(v) Bacterascites

(vi) Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

(vii) Secondary bacterial peritonitis

(viii) Hepatorenal syndrome

(ix) Sepsis

(x) Hypotension and hypothermia

(xi) Severe sepsis

(xii) Septic shock

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