Lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides Attenuates Microglia-Mediated Inflammation and Phagocytosis and Directs Regulatory T Cell Response

Figure 1

LPS-Rs inhibits microglia activation and inflammatory response. Microglial cells were pretreated with indicated concentration of LPS-Rs for 2 hrs before treatment of LPS for indicated time. Expression of TLR4 was assayed by semiquantitative RT-PCR (6 hrs) (a) and Western blot (b) (24 hrs). The cell viability was measured by MTT assay (c) and NO and TNF-α production was measured by Griess reagent and ELISA, respectively (d). The mRNA expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 (e), iNOS, and COX-2 (f) were examined by semiquantitative RT-PCR (6 hrs). Nitrite released into the culture medium was assayed using Griess reagent (g) and TNF-α in the culture supernatant was measured using ELISA (h). The error bars represent the mean ± SEM from three independent experiments ( versus control and versus LPS). UN: untreated; LPS: lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli 055 : B5 (1 µg/mL); RS: lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (0.5–5 µg/mL).