Abstract
The mean amplitudes of vibration of the interesting anion (-symmetry), containing iodine (VII), were calculated from known spectroscopic and structural data in the temperature range between 0 and 1000 K. The results are discussed in comparison with those of related species.
1. Introduction
Mean amplitudes of vibration are very useful and valuable parameters for the analysis of molecular structures and their vibrational behavior. In a similar way to vibrational frequencies and force constants, they can be very characteristic values for both bonded and nonbonded atoms [1, 2].
During years we have calculated mean amplitudes of vibration for a large series of molecules and ions containing halogen-halogen or halogen-oxygen bonds (for a recent review cf. [3]) and in this paper we present the results of our calculations for the interesting anion, which vibrational-spectroscopic behavior was only very recently definitely clarified [4].
As it is well known, the structure of this anion is a practically perfect Archimedean square antiprism [5], constituting the unique example of an interhalogen species presenting this geometry, which structural peculiarities are similar to those of the few other known examples of homoleptic species of this type, namely, , , , , and [6, 7].
2. Calculations
The mean amplitudes of vibration were calculated with the method of the “characteristic vibrations” of Müller et al. [8] (cf. also [2, 9]). The necessary vibrational-spectroscopic data were taken from the recent paper of Dixon et al. [4] and the geometrical parameters from the paper of Mahjoub and Seppelt [5].
3. Results and Discussion
The obtained results, in the temperature range between 0 and 1000 K, are shown in Table 1. Regarding the nonbonded FF pairs, FF (in plane) refers to the pairs within one hemisphere of the anion, whereas FF (betw. planes) refers to neighboring pairs belonging to different hemispheres.
The analysis of the so far available data of mean amplitude values for I–F bonds has shown that the extreme values lie between 0.0377 (for ) and 0.0602 (for ) [3, 10], in agreement with the fact that in the first case iodine presents the oxidation state +7 and a positive charge whereas in the other one the iodine is in the oxidation state +3 and not only presents two negative charges but also an important congestion effect on the molecular plane, in which the fluorine atoms are practically in contact [3, 10, 11]. Besides, these two species present also the greatest differences in bond lengths found in I/F species (1.75 for , 2.095 for ) [3, 12]. Furthermore, the specially high mean amplitude value of is in good agreement with the very low force constant calculated for the I–F bonds in this anion (1.53 mdyn/ [11]).
The values of the mean amplitudes of vibration calculated for the I–F bonds of fall clearly into the mentioned range as it can also be seen from the comparative data presented in Table 2. This comparison shows that the values for are appreciably higher than those found for showing again the effect of the geometry and of the negative charge over bond weakening [3]. Besides, these amplitude values are only somewhat higher than those calculated for the equatorial bonds.
On the other hand, the values calculated for lie relatively close to those of the equatorial I–F-bonds of . In comparison with the interhalogen bonds of the other two fluorooxoanions containing iodine (VII), presents lower mean amplitudes of vibration (i.e., stronger I–F bonds) than but weaker I–F bonds than , in the full temperature range.
Concerning the amplitude values of the nonbonded pairs, those of the same hemispheres are always lower and show a smaller temperature dependence than those between F-atoms belonging to the different hemispheres.
Conclusions
Mean amplitudes of vibration of the anion clearly lie in the expected range determined for I–F bonds. These values point to relatively weak bonds, when compared with iodine fluorine bonds present in other simple iodine (VII) species, such as or , in agreement with the higher coordination number and with the presence of a negative charge in the case of the anion.
Acknowledgments
This work has been supported by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina (CONICET) and the Universidad Nacional de La Plata. The author is a member of the Research Career of CONICET.