Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Dihydropyrimidinone Derivatives as Anti-Inflammatory, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Agents

Table 2

Effects of compounds (4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, and 4h) and indomethacin in the inhibition of carrageenan-induced rat paw edema.

Entry	Drug	Dose	Paw volume response at different time intervals in mean ± SEM
			1 hour	2 hour	3 hour	4 hour
1	Control	10 mL/kg	0.5912 ± 0.005***	0.5930 ± 0.002***	0.6102 ± 0.002***	0.6303 ± 0.002***
2	Indomethacin (standard)	100 mg/kg	0.2700 ± 0.005**; (54.33%)	0.3124 ± 0.005**; (47.31%)	0.3133 ± 0.008**; (48.65%)	0.3500 ± 0.005**; (44.47%)
3	4d	20 mg/kg	0.4000 ± 0.005***; (32.34%)	0.4300 ± 0.005**; (27.48%)	0.4500 ± 0.011***; (26.25%)	0.4711 ± 0.011***; (25.25%)
4	4e	40 mg/kg	0.3533 ± 0.003**; (40.24%)	0.3833 ± 0.003**; (35.36%)	0.3967 ± 0.003**; (34.98%)	0.4200 ± 0.010**; (33.36%)
5	4f	20 mg/kg	0.4133 ± 0.003**; (30.09%)	0.4433 ± 0.003**; (25.24%)	0.4667 ± 0.008***; (23.51%)	0.4933 ± 0.012***; (21.73%)
6	4g	40 mg/kg	0.3567 ± 0.003**; (39.66%)	0.3867 ± 0.003**; (34.78%)	0.4133 ± 0.003**; (32.26%)	0.4520 ± 0.005***; (28.28%)
7	4h	20 mg/kg	0.3833 ± 0.003**; (35.16%)	0.4133 ± 0.003***; (30.30%)	0.4433 ± 0.003**; (27.35%)	0.4667 ± 0.008***; (25.95%)

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM; 𝑛=6 in each group, ***𝑃<0.001, **𝑃<0.01, compared to control. Data was analysed by one way ANOVA followed by Duneet’s test. Formula % inhibition =𝑉_𝑐−𝑉_𝑡/𝑉_𝑐×100 (𝑉-volume, 𝐶-control, 𝑡-test).