Evaluation of the Molecular State of Piperine in Cyclodextrin Complexes by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Solid-State Fluorescence Measurements

Figure 5

Changes in the PXRD patterns of PP/CD complex systems: (a) unprocessed PP; (b) GM (PP/αCD = 1/2), (c) heated GM (PP/αCD = 1/2), (d) humidified GM (PP/αCD = 1/2), and (e) humidified-heated GM (PP/αCD = 1/2); (f) GM (PP/βCD = 1/1), (g) heated GM (PP/βCD = 1/1), (h) humidified GM (PP/βCD = 1/1), and (i) humidified-heated GM (PP/βCD = 1/1); (j) GM (PP/γCD = 1/1), (k) heated GM (PP/γCD = 1/1), (l) humidified GM (PP/γCD = 1/1), and (m) humidified-heated GM (PP/γCD = 1/1). ●: PP; ▲: channel (wet); △: channel (dried); ◆: head-to-tail; ◇: cage-type; ○: monoclinic; □: hexagonal; ■: tetragonal.