Investigations on the Effects of Dietary Essential Oils and Different Husbandry Conditions on the Gut Ecology in Piglets after Weaning

Table 1

Composition of the control and experimental starter diets.

Ingredients	%	Calculated nutrients	g/kg (as fed basis)
Barley meal	30.0	DM	888
Wheat meal	29.7	CP	191
PEF (44% starch)	5.0	Ash	55
Whey powder	8.0	Crude fibre	34
Wheat bran	2.5	Crude fat	50
Soycomil (soy concentrate)	4.0	Starch + sugar	455
Maize starch^1	4.0	Lysine	12.5
Potato protein, purified	5.0	Ileal digestable lysine	11.0
Maize gluten meal	2.2	Methionine	4.4
Sunflower meal	2.5	Ileal digestable methionine methionine	4.0
Limestone	1.02	Methionine+Cysteine	7.8
Mono calcium phosphate	0.78	Ileal digestable Met+Cys	6.6
Trace min.-vit. Premix^2	0.4	Tryptophan	2.5
Methionine (99%)	0.11	Ileal digestable tryptophan	2.1
L-lysine-HCl (79%)	0.34	Threonine	8.0
Tryptophan (99%)	0.031	Ileal digestable threonine	6.5
Threonine (98%)	0.03	Ca	7.2
Palm oil + soybean oil	3.1	Total P	6.1
Molasses	1.009	Digestible P	3.65
NaCl	0.28	Na	2.5
		K	8.5
		Cl	6.7
		Cu, mg	20
		Zn, mg	90
		Limonene^3	0.010
		Eugenol^3	0.002
		Pinene^3	0.0048
Total	100.00	NEf, MJ/kg	10.0

¹Maiz starch was reduced to 3.96% in EO; 0.04% of essential oil mixture was added instead. ²This trace mineral-vitamin premix (0.4%) supplies per kg diet as follows: vit. A 1750 IU, vit. D₃ 200 IU, vit. E 11 IU, vit. K₁ 0.5 mg, vit. B₁ 1.0 mg, vit. B₂ 4 mg, d-pantothenic acid 9 mg, niacin 12.5 mg (available), biotin 50 𝜇g, vit. B₁₂ 15 𝜇g, folic acid 0.3 mg, vit. B₆ 1.5 mg, choline 400 mg, Fe 80 mg, Zn 54 mg, Mn 30 mg, Co 0.15 mg, I 0.14 mg, Se 0.25 mg, antioxidants (E310,320,321) 50 mg, and maize starch as carrier. ³Essential oils in the EO.