Research Article

Comprehensive and Rapid Real-Time PCR Analysis of 21 Foodborne Outbreaks

Table 3

Epidemiological investigations in 21 food—borne outbreaks examined by SG-PCR and bacteriological cultures in Shimane Prefecture, Japan.

Case No.Date ocurred (day/mo/yr)Days for examination after occurrenceInfected groupSource of infection (suspected source)No. of patients/totalNo. of examined patientsCausative pathogensStool samples (No. of positive/ examined samples)
SG-PCRIsolation
1st test2nd test3rd testFinal testTotal

14-Oct-026School excursion in a mountain areaStream wate r a 23/3322 *EPEC O:125, O:166, O:UT *astA-positive E. coli O:1, O:UT1/74/227/225/22
203-Sep-033Protective care schoolCatering box lunch22/4610astA-positive E. coli O:18, 1/56/10 6/103/10
O:20, O:114, O:159, O:UT
[Norovirus6/7]
301-Oct-032Celebration in a companyCatering box lunch437/135412 * C. perfringens O:13, O:165/5 7/127/1210/12
411-Jun-046Camping group of high schoolGrilled meat (beef, bovine intestinal meat)4/84C. jejuni1/41/81/85/8
512,13-Jun-046 ~ 79 citizen groups in ChophouseGrilled meat (beef, bovine intestinal meat)30/UN12C. jejuni4/58/128/1210/12
617-Jun-045Cooking practise in a high schoolShelf-cooked lunch (salada mixed chicken)31/4120 * C. jejuni4/5 12/1412/1417/20
707-Jul-041Citizen in Chinese restaurantFried ric e b 6/66 * B. cereus1/1 2/62/62/6
811-Oct-043Sport club in a high schoolShelf-cooked lunch26/476 * C. perfringens O:16, OUT1/5 3/63/64/6
95~7-Nov-045 ~ 7RestaurantUnknown55C. jejuni2/52/52/5
10UnknownSeveral days (19-Jur-05)NurseryUnknown24/7322 *EHEC O268/22 8/228/22
[Norovirus20/22]
1128~30-Sep-051 ~ 3Prisoners in a prisonShelf-cooked mea l c 113/60061astA -positive E. coli14/1414/1441/46
C. perfringens (sporadic case)1/51/46
122~6-Oct-051 ~ 5Elementary and high school childrenUnknown (School lunch)39/9439astA -positve E. coli5/55/5I M f
EPEC 2/5IM
A. hidrophila1/51/16
C. jejuni (sporadic case)1/5IM
1328~30-May-060 ~ 2Citizens at restaurantLunch (pilaf and scrambled ag g d )27/3427 * S. aureus2/5 2/54/8
astA-positve E. coli1/5
144-Jul-060Boarder of high schoolCatering box lunch34/5134 * C. perfringens5/5 8/88/819/50
1516-Aug-061Citizens at restaurantFried rice15/3415 * B. cereus1/4 1/42/4
1623~29-Aug-062 ~ 8Boarder of training high schoolSupper (contaminated sliced cabbag e e )19/4318 * C. jejuni3/5 6/9 8/99/14
astA -positve E. coli4/55/9IM
172-Sep-063Citizens in Buddhist serviceCatering box lunch14/494V. parahaemolyticus4/54/64/63/6
1822-Dec-065Citizens at restaurantSupper (chiken)12/128 * C. jejuni3/5 4/94/94/10
194-Jul-076Citizens at restaurantSupper (chiken)7/117 * C. jejuni1/2 1/22/3
2021-Oct-071Citizens at restaurantSupper7/137 *EPEC 2/5 4/5IM
P. shigelloides2/52/5
2129-Nov-071Citizens at restaurantSupper (raw chiken liver)8/87 * C. jejuni 3/5 4/75/74/7
astA -positve E. coli1/51/7

Total54/93 111/191 160/276
58.1%58.1%58.0%

a: EPEC O : 166, O : UT and astA -positive E. coli O : 27, O : UT strains were isolated from stream water drunk by patients in case 1., b: B cereus was isolated from cooked pork in case 7. c: astA genes were detected from 5 food samples in case 11., d: S. aureus was isolated from pilaf and scrambled egg in case 13., e: C. jejuni specific gene was detected from 5 food samples in case 17. f: Impossible isolation. *: 14 cases examined by SG-qPCR and viable cell count.