Review Article

Antifungal Resistance and New Strategies to Control Fungal Infections

Table 3

Cis-acting elements involved in drug resistance.

OrganismGeneRegulatory elementPosition respectively to the ATGTrans-acting factor
NameSequence

ABC transportersBEE−960 to −710?
DREACGGATATCGGATATTTTTTT−460 to −439Tac1
CDR1NRECTGATTGA−335 to −328?
C. albicansSRE1GGAGTAGCAAGTGTGTCAAGAACCTGAATTC−740 to −711?
SRE2TTATCCGAAACGCTTTACTCCTCTATTATT−691 to −661?
CDR2DREACGGAAATCGGATATTTTTTT−221 to −201Tac1
C. glabrataCgCDR1PDRETTCCGTGGAA−1201 to −1192CgPdr1
CgCDR2PDRETTCCGTGGAA−560 to −551CgPdr1

MFS transportersHRE/YRE−561 to −520Cap1/?
BRE/
MDRE
ACGGTAAAATCCTAATTGGGAAAAATACCGAGAATGA−296 to −260Mcm1/Mrr1
C. albicansCaMDR1AR1−397 to –301?
AR2−588 to –500?
AR3−287 to −209?
C. glabrataCgFLR1YRE3TTAGTAA−372 to −366CgAp1

ERG11C. albicansERG11AREAATATCGTACCCGATTATGTCGTATATT−224 to −251Upc2
C. glabrataERG11SREUpc2A