|
| Year | Animal/product | Phage(s) | Strategy | Main outcome | Refs |
|
| Preharvest application |
|
| 2002 | Poultry (broiler chicken) | SPR02 | Air sac or drinking water | Air sac inoculation prevented mortality. Drinking water offered no protection | [24] |
| 2002 | Poultry (broiler chicken) | SPR02 and DAF6 | Sprayed | Significant decrease of mortality but not complete protection | [22] |
| 2003 | Poultry (broiler chicken) | SPR02 and DAF6 | Sprayed and i.m. injection | Aerosol spray effective only when applied immediately after bird challenge with E. coli. A single i.m. injection reduced mortality when applied immediately and 24 and 48 h after challenge | [23] |
| 2003 | Ruminant (lamb) | DC22 | Oral delivery | No reduction of fecal shedding over 30 days | [29] |
| 2006 | Poultry (broiler chicken) | SPR02 and DAF6 | i.m. injection into the left thigh | Only high phage titers (108) reduced mortality | [30] |
| 2006 | Ruminant (sheep) | CEV1 | Oral delivery | 2 log CFU reduction within 2 days | [31] |
| 2006 | Ruminant (cattle) | Phage cocktail
(KH1, SH1) | Oral/rectal delivery
(via drinking water) | No reduction of CFU when applied orally. Combined oral/rectal treatment reduced CFU but did not eradicate it | [32] |
| 2009 | Ruminant (steer) | Phage cocktail | Oral/rectal delivery | Small fecal shedding reduction of oral/rectal compared to the rectal treatment and control | [33] |
| 2010 | Ruminant (steer) | Phage cocktail (wV8, rV5, wV7, wV11) | Oral delivery (gelatin capsules and in feed) | No reduction of fecal shedding of nalidixic acid-resistant E. coli O157 : H7, but duration of shedding was reduced by 14 days | [28] |
| 2010 | Poultry | Phage cocktail | Oral delivery and spray | Significant reduction of mortality in large scale animal experiments | [34] |
| 2010 | Ruminant (cattle) | Phage cocktail (e11/2, e4/1c) | Oral delivery | Rapid CFU decrease within 24 to 48 h, but no decrease in fecal shedding levels | [35] |
| 2011 | Ruminant (sheep) | Phage cocktail (CEV1, CEV2) | Oral delivery | Cocktail eradicated (>99.9%) the pathogen and is more effective than CEV1 alone | [36] |
|
| Postharvest application |
|
| 2004 | Meat | e11/2, e4/1c, pp01 | Applied on top | Eradication in seven of nine samples | [37] |
| 2008 | Fresh produce (tomato, spinach) and meat | Phage cocktail (ECP-100) | Applied on top/sprayed | 94% and 100% reductions in CFU after 120 h and 24 h in tomato and spinach; 95% reduction in ground meat after 24 h at 10°C | [38] |
| 2009 | Fresh produce (lettuce, cantaloupe) | Phage cocktail (ECP-100) | Sprayed | Significant CFU reductions after 2 days at 4°C | [39] |
| 2011 | Fresh produce (lettuce, spinach) | Phage cocktail
(BEC8) | Added to foods together with trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) | No survivors detectable after 10 min of phage combined with the TC treatment | [40] |
| 2011 | Food surfaces (spinach blades) | Phage cocktail | Sprayed | 4.5 log reduction CFU after 2 h of phage | [41] |
| 2011 | Food surfaces (steel, ceramic chips) | Phage cocktail (BEC8) | Applied on top | Eradication after 10 min at 37°C and after 1 h at 23°C | [40] |
|
