Antimicrobial and Herbal Drug Resistance in Enteric Bacteria Isolated from Faecal Droppings of Common House Lizard/Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus)
Table 1
Bacterial isolates from faecal droppings of geckos collected from different sources.
Bacterial isolates
Number of gecko samples from different sources positive for bacteria (number of samples tested)
Chi-test statistics
Total number of isolates of bacteria
Offices
HHH
IFS
HGM
Total positive (%)
Citrobacter diversus
2
1
1
1
5 (2.6%)
0.657
9
C. freundii
6
12
4
11
33 (17.0%)
0.005
66
C. amalonaticus
0
6
0
0
6 (3.1%)
0.059
11
Edwardsiella tarda
0
1
1
1
3 (1.5%)
0.296
4
Ed. hoshiniae
1
0
0
0
1 (0.5%)
0.523
1
Enterobacter cloacae
1
0
2
0
3 (1.5%)
0.005
3
Ent. aerogenese
0
0
0
1
1 (0.5%)
0.114
1
Ent. agglomerans
4
1
2
4
11 (5.7%)
0.039
13
Ent. amnigenus BG-I
3
0
1
2
6 (3.1%)
0.143
6
Ent. amnigenus BG-II
2
0
0
0
2 (1.0)
0.211
3
Ent. cancerogenus
0
0
1
0
1 (0.5%)
0.020
1
Ent. gregoviae
0
1
2
9
12 (6.2%)
18
Ent. sakazaki
0
1
0
0
1 (0.5%)
0.750
1
Erwinia ananas
0
2
0
0
2 (1.0%)
0.487
2
Escherichia blattae
0
2
3
0
5 (2.6%)
0.001
6
E. coli
4
17
12
6
39 (20.1%)
56
E. fergusonii
0
3
0
0
3 (1.5%)
0.299
3
Hafnea alvei
0
0
0
1
1 (0.5%)
0.114
1
Klebsiella oxytoca
0
1
0
1
2 (1.0%)
0.459
2
K. pneumoniae
5
7
7
8
27 (13.9%)
41
Leclercia adecarboxylata
0
0
1
0
1 (0.5%)
0.020
1
Leminorella ghirmonti
1
1
0
0
2 (1.0%)
0.867
2
Listonella damsele
1
0
1
0
2 (1.0%)
0.168
3
Pragia fontium
0
6
0
0
6 (3.1%)
0.059
6
Proteus penneri
1
1
0
0
2 (1.0%)
0.867
2
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
0
1
2
0
3 (1.5%)
0.006
3
Raoultella terrigena
1
2
0
0
3 (1.5%)
0.793
4
Salmonella indica
6
1
3
2
12 (6.2%)
0.032
36
Salmonella salamae
0
2
0
0
2 (1.0%)
0.487
7
Salmonella houtenae
2
0
1
0
3 (1.5%)
0.173
4
Serratia entamophila
2
0
0
0
2 (1.0%)
0.523
3
Serratia fonticola
0
1
0
0
1 (0.5%)
0.750
4
Serratia marcescens
1
0
0
0
1 (0.5%)
0.523
2
Xenorhabdus luminescens
1
0
0
0
1 (0.5%)
0.523
1
Total
44
70
18
28
160
0.003
326
HHH: human households; IFS: integrated farm units; HGM: hostel, guest house, and mess/canteen; BG: biogroup; NT: not tested. Note: Chi-square test was done to test the null hypothesis that sources from which gecko droppings were sampled had no effect on isolation rate of the bacteria.