Antimicrobial and Herbal Drug Resistance in Enteric Bacteria Isolated from Faecal Droppings of Common House Lizard/Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus)
Table 2
Antimicrobial drug resistance of bacteria isolated from faecal droppings of geckos.
Bacteria
Total isolates tested
Number of isolates resistant to antimicrobial discs of
MDR strains
A
CTX
C
Cf
Co
G
Nf
T
Citrobacter diversus
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
C. freundii
43
23
2
2
1
4
1
15
0
3
C. amalonaticus
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
Edwardsiella tarda
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
Ed. hoshiniae
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Enterobacter cloacae
3
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Ent. agglomerans
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Ent. amnigenus BG-I
5
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Ent. amnigenusBG-II
3
2
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
Ent. cancerogenus
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
Ent. gregoviae
5
4
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
1
Ent. sakazaki
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Erwinia ananas
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Escherichia blattae
6
3
1
3
0
5
1
2
0
3
E. coli
44
13
7
6
2
14
0
10
8
8
E. fergusonii
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Hafnea alvei
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Klebsiella oxytoca
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
K. pneumoniae
35
35
2
3
0
4
0
23
1
5
Leminorella ghrimontii
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Listonella damsele
3
2
3
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
Pragia fontium
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
Proteus penneri
2
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
3
2
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
2
Raoultella terrigena
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Salmonella indica
30
4
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
Salmonella salamae
7
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Salmonella houtenae
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Serratia fonticola
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Serratia marcescens
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
Total
223
112
18
20
3
34
2
68
11
27
% resistant strains
50.2
8.1
9.0
1.3
15.2
0.9
30.5
4.9
Chi-test values
0.999
0.911
0.172
A: ampicillin 10 µg; CTX: cefotaxime 30 µg; C: chloramphenicol 30 µg; Cf: ciprofloxacin 5 µg; Co: cotrimoxazole 25 µg; G: gentamicin 10 µg; Nf: nitrofurantoin 300 µg; T: tetracycline 30 µg. Note: Chi-square test was done to test the null hypothesis that type of bacteria had no effect on resistance to antimicrobial drug.