Molecular Characteristics and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Klebsiella Isolates in Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Table 3
Percentage of resistance (included intermediate resistance for statistical analysis) in ESBL and non-ESBL Klebsiella ().
Antibiotic
Total ()
ESBL ()
NIL ()
OR (95% CI)
P value
Number (%)
Number (%)
Number (%)
Amikacin
10 (5.0)
5 (4.3)
5 (5.9)
0.71 (0.20–2.55)
0,604
Amox/K clav
111 (55.0)
98 (83.3)
13 (15.3)
28.6 (13.25–61.59)
0,000
Ampicillin
137 (67.8)
115 (98.3)
22 (25.9)
162.0 (36.88–711.93)
0,000
Amp/sulbactam
201 (99.5)
117 (100.0)
84 (98.8)
—
1,000
Aztreonam
126 (62.4)
117 (100.0)
9 (10.6)
—
0,996
Cefazolin
139 (68.8)
117 (100.0)
22 (25.9)
—
0,996
Cefepime
130 (64.4)
117 (100.0)
13 (15.3)
—
0,996
Cefotaxime
124 (61.4)
117 (100.0)
7 (8.2)
116.5 (136.9–9105.9)
0,000
Cefoxitin
18 (8.9)
10 (8.5)
8 (9.4)
0.90 (0.34–2.38)
0,831
Cefpodoxime
127 (62.9)
117 (100.0)
10 (11.8)
—
0,996
Ceftazidime
124 (61.4)
117 (100.0)
7 (8.2)
—
0,996
Cefuroxime
129 (63.9)
117 (99.1)
13 (15.3)
642.5 (82.29–5016.08)
0,000
Chloramphenicol
71 (35.1)
53 (45.3)
18 (21.2)
3.25 (1.71–6.19)
0,000
Ciprofloxacin
60 (29.7)
55 (47.0)
5 (5.9)
14.19 (5.36–37.58)
0,000
Ertapenem
7 (3.5)
4 (3.4)
3 (3.5)
0.97 (0.21–4.44)
0,966
Fosfomycin
26 (12.9)
15 (12.8)
11 (12.9)
0.97 (0.42–2.25)
0,954
Gentamicin
103 (51.0)
92 (78.6)
11 (12.9)
24.76 (11.44–53.60)
0,000
Imipenem
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
—
—
Levofloxacin
23 (11.4)
19 (16.2)
4 (4.7)
3.88 (1.27–11.86)
0,018
Meropenem
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
—
—
Mezlocillin
167 (82.7)
117 (100.0)
50 (58.8)
—
0,997
Moxifloxacin
77 (38.1)
65 (55.6)
12 (14.1)
8.43 (4.10–17.32)
0,000
Nitrofurantoin
1 (0.5)
0 (0.0)
1 (1.2)
—
1,000
Norfloxacin
3 (1.5)
3 (2.6)
0 (0.0)
—
0,999
Pip/tazo
31 (15.3)
28 (23.9)
3 (3.5)
8.60 (2.52–29.36)
0,001
Piperacillin
160 (79.2)
117 (100.0)
43 (50.6)
—
0,997
Tetracycline
57 (28.2)
44 (37.6)
13 (15.3)
3.29 (1.64–6.63)
0,001
Tigecycline
17 (8.4)
9 (7.7)
8 (9.4)
0.80 (0.30–2.17)
0,664
Tobramycin
108 (53.5)
102 (87.2)
6 (7.1)
88.40 (32.79–238.28)
0,000
Trimeth/sulfa
143 (70.8)
115 (98.3)
28 (32.9)
117.05 (26.93–508.72)
0,000
Exact values were determined by the test. For statistical analysis, the response of isolates to antibiotics was categorized as susceptible and nonsusceptible (consisting of intermediate and resistant groups). A value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Reported as resistance due to ESBL production according to confirmation by Autoscan MIC37 panel. : used only in urinary tract infections.
