Research Article

Antistaphylococcal and Antibiotic Resistance Modulatory Activities of Thirteen Cameroonian Edible Plants against Resistant Phenotypes

Table 1

Information on the studied plants.

Species (family); voucher numberTraditional usesBioactive or potentially bioactive componentsKnown antimicrobial activities of plants

Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae); 4447/SRFKAntimalarial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihyperglycaemic, antiulcerous [16]Alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, and saponins [17]Antibacterial activity of ethanol leaf extract: Ec, Kp, Pm, Sa, Pa, Ef [18]; ethanol and methanol extract of leaves: Ec, Pa, St, Sa, Bp [17]

Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae); 25,860/SRFCCancer [19, 20]Alkaloids, cardioglycosides, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and steroids [21]Antibacterial activity of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, ethanol, and leaf water: Ec, Sa, Pa, Pm [21]

Cucurbita maxima Duch. (Cucurbitaceae); 42,449/HNCDiabetes, cancer, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, and bacterial infections [22, 23]Tannins, saponins, alkaloids [24], cucurbitaxanthin, gibberellin, and α-tocopherol [25]Antibacterial activity of aqueous seed extract: Ec, Sa, Kp, Ef, Pa [24], ethanol and aqueous extract of flowers: St, Ec, Ef, Bc [26]

Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H. J. Lam (Burseraceae); 1874/SRFKGastrointestinal disorders, toothache, earache [27], dysentery, anemia, leprosy, [28], skin diseases, and sickle cell disease [29]Ethyl gallate and quercitrin [27]Antibacterial activity of hydromethanolic, butanol, aqueous, ethanolic extract, ethyl acetate of bark: Ec, Pa, Bc, Sa [27]

Hibiscus esculentus L. (Malvaceae); 42,823/HNCInflammation, pain [30], cancer, hypoglycemic [31]Not reportedNot reported

Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam (Convolvulaceae); 55,594/HNCAntidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, reducing risk of cardiovascular disease, anticancer, reducing stomach stress, nausea, diarrhea [32]Caffeoylquinic acid [33], vitamin E, beta-carotene, lutein, saponins [32], flavonoids, and chitinases [34]Not reported

Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry. Lec. ex O. Rorke) Baill. (Irvingiaceae); 52,936/HNCDiarrhea, hernia, yellow fever, dysentery, antipoison [35, 36], gonorrhea, gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders, wound infections, diabetes, analgesic [37]Saponins, tannins, phenols, and phlobatannins [35], alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, tannins, flavonoids [36], 3-friedelanone; betulinic acid; oleanolic acid; 3,3,4-tri-O-methylellagic acid; 3,4-di-O-methylellagic acid; hardwickiic acid [38]Antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanol extract of leaves and bark: Sa, Ec [36]; S: Bst, Ca, Cf, Ea, Ecl, Mm, Ng, Pa, Pm, Pv, Sa, Sd; Bc, Bm, Bs, Ck, Ec, Kp, Sfl, St, Sf [38]

Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae); 42,587/HNCAntioxidant [39], cancer, estrogenic, antidepressant [40], bacterial infections, tuberculosis [41]Alkaloids, steroids, and flavonoids [42]Antibacterial activity of aqueous, alcohol, chloroform, ether extract of seeds: Sa, Pa, Sf, Bs, Kp, Ec [41]

Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre ex Heckel (Euphorbiaceae); 50,852/HNCCough, antidote, intestinal diseases [43], yellow fever, malaria, stomach pain, headache, dysentery [44]Tannins, polyphenols, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, and saponins [43], aleuritolic acid, labda-8(17), 13-diem-3β, 15-diol, E-ferulic acid octacosylate [44]Antibacterial activity of methanol extract of the leaves: Sa, Sf, Pv, Cf, Mm, Ko, Kp, Ec, Pa, St [43], Pf, Bs, Sa, Ec, Ca, Af [44], Ec, Ea, Pa, Ps, Kp, Ecl [18]

Saccharum officinarum L. (Poaceae); 42,958/HNCJaundice and liver problems, hemorrhoids, dysentery, menorrhagia [45]Flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids [46]Antibacterial activity of methanol extract of the stems: Ec, Kp, Sa, Pa [46]

Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae); 21,249/SRFKDiuretic, febrifuge, diarrheal diseases, dysentery, hemorrhoids, gonorrhea, leucorrhea [47]Saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and glycosides [48]Antibacterial activity of ethanol, methanol, water, and acetone extracts of the leaves: Kp, Sa, St, Ea, Sm [48]

Theobroma cacao L. (Sterculiaceae); 60,111/HNCCardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and nervous diseases [49]Alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, and saponins [50]Antibacterial activity: Sa, Ec, Sd, Kp, Sm, Pa, Pm [51]
Uapaca guineensis Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae); 53,136/HNCLeprosy, epilepsy, edema, rheumatism, aphrodisiac, fever, inflammation, absorption [52]Steroids, alkaloid, terpenoids, and gallic acid [53]Not reported

HNC: Herbier National du Cameroun; SRFC: Société des Réserves Forestières du Cameroun; SRFK: Société des Réserves forestières du Kamerun; Af: Aspergillus flavus; Bp: Bacillus pumilus; Bc: Bacillus cereus; Bm: Bacillus megaterium; Bs: Bacillus subtilis; Ca: Candida albicans; Cf; Citrobacter freundii; Ck: Candida krusei; Ea: Enterobacter aerogenes; Ec: Escherichia coli; Ecl: Enterobacter cloacae; Ef: Enterococcus faecium; Kp: Klebsiella pneumoniae; Ko: Klebsiella oxytoca; Mm: Morganella morganii; Ng: Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Pa: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pf: Pseudomonas fluorescens; Pm: Proteus mirabilis; Ps: Providencia stuartii; Pv: Proteus vulgaris; Sa: Staphylococcus aureus; Sd: Shigella dysenteriae; Sf; Streptococcus faecalis; Sf l: Shigella flexneri; Sm: Serratia marcescens; St: Salmonella typhi.