Research Article
Occurrence of β-Lactamase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacterial Isolates in Water Sources in Cali City, Colombia
Table 4
Distribution of β-lactamase and bla genes in Gram-negative bacteria.
| | β-lactamases | Sampling site | | Total | A | B | C | D | E | | DS n (%) | WS n (%) | DS n = 19 n (%) | WS n = 19 n (%) | DS n = 12 n (%) | WS n = 22 n (%) | DS n = 19 n (%) | WS n = 30 n (%) | DS n = 15 n (%) | WS n = 5 n (%) | DS n = 15 n (%) | WS n = 12 n (%) |
| | Broad-spectrum β-lactamase | 1 (1.3) | 17 (19.8) | — | 3 (3.5) | 1 (1.3) | 12 (14) | — | — | — | 1 (1.2) | — | 1 (1.2) | | ESBL | 14 (17.5) | 31 (36) | 1 (1.3) | 11 (12.8) | 2 (2.5) | 3 (3.5) | 6 (7.5) | 15 (50) | 4 (5) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.2) | | AmpC | 21 (26.3) | 5 (5.8) | 7 (8.9) | 1 (1.2) | 4 (5) | 1 (1.2) | 4 (5) | — | 1 (1.3) | — | 5 (6.3) | 3 (3.5) | | Carbapenemase | 36 (45) | 24 (27.9) | 10 (12.5) | 3 (3.5) | 3 (3.8) | — | 10 (12.5) | 15 (50) | 7 (8.8) | 1 (1.2) | 6 (7.5) | 5 (5.8) |
| | bla genes | | | | | | | | | | | | | | blaTEM-1 | 39 (48.8) | 36 (41.9) | 11 (13.8) | 6 (7) | 4 (5) | 14 (16.3) | 9 (11.3) | 9 (10.5) | 9 (11.3) | 4 (2.3) | 6 (7.5) | 3 (3.5) | | blaCTX-M-9 | — | 24 (27.9) | — | 6 (7) | — | 9 (10.5) | — | 4 (2.3) | — | 3 (3.5) | — | 2 (2.3) | | blaAmpC | 9 (11.3) | 25 (29.1) | 1 (1.3) | 3 (3.5) | 3 (3.5) | 10 (11.6) | 2 (2.5) | 7 (8.1) | — | 4 (2.3) | 3 (3.8) | 1 (1.2) | | blaIMP-1 | — | 38 (44.2) | — | 7 (8.1) | — | 17 (19.8) | — | 6 (7) | — | 5 (5.8) | — | 3 (3.5) | | blaVIM-2 | 47 (58.8) | 35 (40.7) | 10 (12.5) | 4 (2.3) | 8 (10) | 15 (17.4) | 14 (17.5) | 9 (10.5) | 6 (7.5) | 5 (5.8) | 9 (11.3) | 2 (2.3) |
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Wastewater treatment plant (A), rainwater channel (B), Canal Sur (C), water treatment plant “Puerto Mallarino” (D), and Melendez River (E). DS: dry season, WS: wet season. blaTEM-1 and 0.024 ψ; blaCTXM-9; blaAmpC and 0.008 ψ; blaIMP-1; blaVIMP-2. |
