Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia: Magnitude, Associated Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern
Table 3
Pregnancy-related and personal factors associated with ASB among pregnant women participated in the study at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, 2019 (n = 281).
Characteristics
Significant bacteriuria no. (%)
Nonsignificant bacteriuria no. (%)
Crude odds ratio (95% CI)
value
Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
Gravida
Nulligravida
14 (25.0)
55 (24.2)
1
Primigravida
18 (32.1)
78 (34.8)
1.025 (0.432, 2.434)
0.805
Multigravida
12 (21.4)
46 (20.4)
1.130 (0.500, 2.557)
0.956
Grand multigravida
12 (21.4)
46 (20.4)
1.000 (0.407, 2.456)
0.956
Gestational period
First trimester
10 (17.9)
36 (15.9)
1
Second trimester
23 (41.1)
102 (44.9)
1.186 (0.510, 2.754)
0.520
Third trimester
23 (41.1)
89 (39.2)
1.99 (0.661, 1.506)
0.692
Hemoglobin level
Anemic
40 (71.4)
153 (68.0)
1.185 (0.623, 2.255)
0.621
Nonanemic
16 (28.6)
72 (32.0)
1
Sexual activities/week
0–2
43 (76.8)
185 (82.2)
1
≥2
13 (23.2)
40 (17.8)
0.715 (0.352, 1.452)
0.354
Hypertension
Yes
7(12.5)
17 (7.5)
0.929 (0.296, 2.915)
0.899
No
49 (87.5)
208 (92.4)
1
Diabetes
Yes
6 (10.7)
10 (6.3)
1.187 (0.387, 3.640)
0.764
No
50 (89.3)
215 (93.7)
1
ANC follow-up
1st visit
16 (28.6)
49 (21.8)
1
4th visit
6 (10.7)
24 (10.7)
0.766 (0.266, 2.205)
0.744
Postcoital washing
No
90 (51.8)
29 (39.6)
0.642 (0.357, 1.157)
0.24
1.277 (0.666, 2.447)
Yes
27 (48.2)
137 (60.4)
1
1
History of antimicrobial use
Yes
15 (26.8)
57 (25.1)
0.927 (0.478, 1.800)
0.824
No
41 (73.2)
168 (74.9)
1
Catheterization
Yes
19 (38)
31 (62)
3.214 (1.643, 6.284)
0.001
3.122 (1.378, 7.072)
No
37 (16.1)
194 (83.9)
1
1
History of UTI
Yes
29 (51.8)
76 (33.8)
1
No
27 (37.5)
149 (66.2)
0.478 [0.26, 0.864]
0.181
1.424 (0.719, 2.820)
Postcoital urination
Yes
6 (10.7)
59 (26.0)
1
No
50 (89.3)
168 (74.0)
2.962 (1.207, 7.266)
0.018
3.160 (1.173, 6.514)
Direction of wiping after genital wash
Forward
34 (60.7)
79 (34.8)
2.913 (1.595, 5.320)
0.001
2.853 (1.255, 4.320)
Backward
22(39.3)
148 (65.2)
1
CI, confidence interval; ;p value <0.05; OR: odds ratio.
