Review Article

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Thermophilic Campylobacter Species in Humans and Animals in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Table 1

Prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in humans in sub-Saharan Africa, 1997–2018.

CountryAge group (sample size)Number of articlesPrevalence (%)Detection methodReferences

UgandaChildren <5 (226)19.3 (C. jejuni: 80.9%; C. coli: 4.8%)Culture, biochemical[34]
TanzaniaChildren <5 (1,512)58.8 (2.6–19) (C. jejuni: 89.2%; C. coli: 9.8%)Culture, biochemical, Gram staining, molecular[8, 3538]
KenyaChildren <5 (2,550)116.4Culture, biochemical, serotyping[39]
RwandaChildren <5 (706)115.5 (C. jejuni: 100%)Molecular[40]
MadagascarChildren <5 (5,620)29.4 (9.3–9.5) (C. jejuni: 73.6; C. coli: 24.3%)Culture, serotyping, molecular[41, 42]
Burkina FasoChildren <5 (283)12 (C. jejuni: 60%; C. coli: 40%)Culture, molecular[43]
EthiopiaChildren <5 (670)214.5 (12.7–16.7) (C. jejuni: 71.1%; C. coli: 21.1%)Culture, biochemical, Gram staining[25, 44, 45]
NigeriaChildren <5 (1,311)34.4 (0.5–8.2) (C. jejuni: 28%; C. coli: 72%)Culture, biochemical, biotyping, Gram staining[4648]
NigerChildren <5 (260)111.4 (C. jejuni: 100%)Culture, biochemical, Gram staining[49]
MozambiqueChildren <5 (529)11.7Culture, biochemical, Gram staining[50]
CameroonChildren <5 (260)19.6 (C. jejuni: 100%)Culture, biochemical, Gram staining[51]
BotswanaUnder 15 years114Molecular
TanzaniaAll ages (2,487)411.1 (1.9–21.6) (C. jejuni: 93.3%; C. coli: 6.1%)Culture, biochemical, Gram staining, molecular[26, 5254]
KenyaAll ages (4,274)29.2 (8.5–9.8) (C. jejuni: 76.2; C. coli: 12.7%)Culture[55, 56]
Burkina FasoAll ages (1,246)12.3 (C. jejuni: 51.8%; C. coli: 13.8%)Culture, biochemical, Gram staining[57]
EthiopiaAll ages (640)29.8 (8–11.6) (C. jejuni:94.1%; C. coli: 5.9%)Culture, biochemical, Gram staining[58, 59]
NigeriaAll ages (150)162.7 (C. jejuni: 24.5%; C. coli: 62.3%)Culture, biochemical, Gram staining[60]
GhanaAll ages (202)117.3 (C. jejuni: 42.8%; C. coli: 37%)Culture, biochemical, Gram staining[61]
MalawiAll ages (1,941)121 (C. jejuni: 85%; C. coli: 14%)Molecular[62]
South AfricaAll ages (565)120.3 (C. jejuni: 85%; C. coli: 15%)Culture, biochemical, molecular[63]