Variables Water handling 95% CI Good Poor COR AOR Respondent Father 18 12 1.00 1.00 Mother 323 138 1.56 (0.73, 3.32) 3.27 (0.69, 15.58) Son 47 7 4.48 (1.52, 13.17) 1.30 (0.12, 14.31) Age (years) 15–30 185 62 1.63 (0.86, 3.09) 1.09 (0.51, 2.34) 31–45 170 77 1.20 (0.64, 2.27) 0.93 (0.45, 1.89) 46–60 33 18 1.00 1.00 Marital status Married 345 152 1.00 1.00 Single 43 5 3.79 (1.47, 9.75) 4.49 (0.55, 36.40) Education level Illiterate 229 116 1.00 1.00 Elementary 117 37 1.60 (1.04, 2.47) 1.36 (0.79, 2.35) ≥High school 42 4 5.32 (1.86, 15.19) 3.37 (1.03, 11.57) Monthly income (ETB) ≤500 345 150 1.00 501–100 43 7 2.67 (1.17, 6.07) 2.37 (1.96, 5.85) Occupation Farmer 27 15 0.77 (0.40, 1.50) 1.45 (0.37, 5.56) Merchant 38 3 5.45 (1.65, 17.96) 3.38 (0.89, 12.71) Housewife 323 139 1.00 1.00 Family number ≤5 181 49 1.93 (1.30, 2.85) 1.81 (1.15, 2.83) >5 207 108 1.00 1.00 Water source Shallow well 114 49 1.04 (0.68, 1.59) 1.01 (0.60, 1.68) Hand-dug well 95 28 1.52 (0.92, 2.49) 1.87 (0.99, 3.53) Spring 179 80 1.00 1.00 Amount of water 5–20 liters 230 82 1.33 (0.921.93) 0.93 (0.57, 1.51) 21–50 liters 158 75 1.00 1.00 Water collection per day Once 87 37 2.16 (1.18, 3.95) 1.43 (0.64, 3.21) Twice 264 86 2.82 (1.67, 4.77) 2.88 (1.56, 5.33) Three times 37 34 1.00 1.00 Payment for water Yes 300 131 0.68 (0.42, 1.10) 0.44 (0.24, 0.84) No 88 26 1.00 1.00 Distance of water source <30 min 308 139 0.50 (0.29, 0.86) 0.55 (0.30, 1.03) 31–60 min 80 18 1.00 1.00 Type of cleaning materials Water only 88 51 0.70 (0.44, 1.11) 0.42 (0.24, 0.72) Soap 95 24 1.61 (0.93, 2.77) 1.51 (0.82, 2.79) Ash or others 67 26 1.05 (0.60, 1.81) 0.79 (0.43, 1.49) Plant leaves 138 56 1.00 1.00 Knowledge of water treatment Yes 215 53 2.44 (1.66, 3.59) 2.40 (1.52, 3.79) No 173 104 1.00 1.00